Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Therex final
PNF
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| proprio | Receiving stimuli in muscles, tendons, and joint capsules |
| neuro | innervation of muscles |
| facilitation | Enhancement or reinforcement |
| purpose of PNF | promoting or hastening the response of the neuromuscular mechanism through stimulation of the proprioceptors |
| what was PNF's original purpose? | to help polio patients |
| what belief is PNF based off of? | that using natural patterns of mvmt would stimulate the CNS more normally than they would with therapy isolated to each individual muscle |
| PNF uses functionally based ____ patterns | diagonal |
| sensory cues for PNF | - Proprioceptive - Cutaneous (manual contacts) - Visual: "Look at your hand" - Auditory: "Pull up and across your face" |
| stages of motor control | mobility, stability, controlled mobility, skill |
| mobility | Capability for movement, ROM necessary to assume a posture and the ability to move in and out of it |
| stability | Ability to maintain a position or posture |
| controlled mobility | movement within a posture with the distal component fixed. It is progressed by freeing up one distal component to move on the proximal segment. Closed chain WB |
| Skill | Distal segment is free to move and manipulate while the proximal segment provides dynamic stability |
| patterns of motion are characteristic of ____ | normal motor activity |
| patterns of motion are ___ movements with a ____ component | diagonal, rotational |
| what alignment do patterns of motion follow? | alignment of muscles from origin to insertion |
| patterns are ____ to each other | antagonistic |
| how are patterns named? | diagonal 1, diagonal 2, plus flexion or extension and upper or lower extremity- [D1 fl. (R)UE] or D1 ext.of (L) LE |
| what motions can patterns include? | - Flexion and extension - Adduction and abduction - Rotation - Applied to extremities and trunk |
| PNF concept regions | Upper extremity, Lower extremity, Head & neck, Trunk, Scapular |
| types of PNF patterns | - Unilateral - Bilateral (Symmetrical, Asymmetrical) - Reciprocal |
| goals of PNF | - Pain relief - Initiate movement - Improve endurance - Enhance stability and mobility - Strengthen muscle groups - Stretch muscle groups - Improve posture, balance, and coordination |
| contraindications for PNF | - Inflammatory arthritis - Cancer - Bone disease - Fractures - Early stages of healing with soft tissue damage |
| PNF uses ____ as a facilitating mechanism | pressure |
| where should pressure be applied for PNF? | to the skin overlying the muscle group responsible for the motion |
| how should you apply pressure for PNF? | - Palm, thenar/hypothenar eminences and finger pads (not tips) (no pain) - Facilitate the contraction in the correct direction |
| how to facilitate contraction in the correct direction | place your hands on the surface which faces directly into the line of movement desired |
| where should you position your body for PNF | at either end of desired motion, hips and shoulders facing the direction of the movement |
| Forearms must always be pointed what way for PNF? | in the direction of the desired movement |
| what tone of voice should you use to facilitate a maximal response? | Strong, sharp commands |
| what tone of voice should you use to facilitate relaxation or if a motion is painful? | soft tones |
| preparatory commands | explanations of the mvmt patterns and expectations |
| action commands | directions on how to perform the activity, "pull" "hold" |
| isotonic contractions are used for ___ | mobility |
| isometric contractions occur when ___ | stabilizing |
| Combo of isotonic and isometric used for ____ ____ | functional activities |
| timing for PNF for normal development | proximal before distal |
| timing for PNF for normal activity | distal to proximal |
| Use _____muscles to facilitate activity in _____ muscles | stronger, weaker |
| irradiation/ overflow | spreading of muscular response from one muscle group to another by altering the emphasis on resistance |
| when is quick stretch applied? | Performed prior to pattern, mm must be in fully elongated position |
| purpose of quick stretch | Initiate voluntary motion, i.e., stretch reflex, Increase strength, Initiate quicker response |
| what do you need to do immediately after quick stretch? | follow with appropriate resistance |
| when is quick stretch contraindicated? | during early stages of tissue healing |
| autogenic inhibition | the ability of a mm to relax when it is experiences a stretch or increased tension |
| where does autogenic inhibition occur? | in the same mm |
| importance of autogenic inhibtion | prevents the mm and tendon from experiencing extreme tension (uses GTO's) |
| in autogenic inhibition, you will ____ the target mm | stretch |
| after you stretch the target mm, you need to ____ the target mm in order for ____ to be excited and for autogenic inhibition to occur | contract, GTO's |
| reciprocal inhibition | the relaxation of mm on one side of a joint to accommodate contraction on the other side of the that joint (uses mm spindles) |
| where does reciprocal inhibition occur? | occurs in the opposite mm or the antagonist mm |
| in reciprocal inhibition, you must contract the ___ mm, this will allow the ____ to send information to the spinal cord for reciprocal inhibition and increased stretch to occur | opposite, mm spindles |
| rhythmic initiation technique | Therapist moves the limb passively thru ROM several times and then asks pt to assist |
| why would you use rhythmic initiation technique | used to teach the pattern, used when pt is unable to initiate mvmt or has profound weakness and tone |
| slow reversal technique | Isotonic contraction of agonist immediately followed by isotonic contraction of antagonist |
| when would you use slow reversal technique | used to teach an activity, when a pt has weakness, decreased initiation or increased tone |
| repeated contraction technique | Repeated, dynamic contractions initiated by quick stretches followed by resistance at any point in the range |
| why would you use repeated contraction technique | to help pt get through areas of weakness or pain in the motion |
| alternating isometrics | isometric contractions performed alternating from muscles on one side of joint to the other side w/o rest (stability) |
| purpose of alternating isometrics | Improve strength/stability of postural muscles or hip/shoulder girdle |
| rhythmic stabilization | Multi-directional resistance with manual contacts on opposite sides of the body |
| purpose of rhythmic stabilization | Progression of AI - Promotes stability thru co-contraction of proximal stability muscles |
| hold relax | Move limb to the point of limitation, Strong, isometric contraction of the antagonists (the "hold"), Relax and stretch to new end range actively or passively |
| what is hold relax incorrectly called? | contract relax |
| contract relax | Move limb to the point of limitation, **Isotonic contraction of the rotatory antagonists with simultaneous, strong, isometric contraction of the antagonists**, Relax and stretch to new end range actively or passively |
| Hold relax vs contract relax | contract relax allows rotation component to motion |
| traction | Facilitates movement, Associated with flexion ("pull") movements |
| approximation | Facilitates stability and con-contractions, Associated with extension ("push") mvmts |
| D1 UE flexion starting position | - Shoulder extension, ABduction, IR - Elbow extension - Forearm pronation - Wrist & finger EXTENSION - Approximately 8" from hip |
| D1 UE flexion hand placement and commands | - Index & middle fingers in palm of patient's opposite hand -"Squeeze my fingers, turn it, bring it up and across your face" |
| D1 UE extension starting position | - Shoulder flexion, ADDuction, ER - Elbow flexion (partial) - Forearm supination - Wrist & finger FLEXION |
| D1 UE extension hand placement and command | - Contact dorsal hand & fingers - Contact dorsal elbow near triceps - "Open your hand, turn it, push your arm down and out" |
| D2 UE flexion starting position | - Shoulder extension, ADDuction, IR - Elbow extension - Forearm pronation - Wrist & finger FLEXION - Hand approximately over umbilicus (take out sword) |
| D2 UE flexion hand placement and command | - Cross arm placement - Contact dorsal hand & fingers - Contact dorsal forearm - "Open your hand, lift your up and out" |
| D2 UE extension starting position | - Shoulder flexion, ABduction, ER - Elbow extension - Forearm supination - Wrist & finger EXTENSION |
| D2 UE extension hand placement and command | - Cross-arm - Index & middle fingers in palm of patient's opposite hand - Palmar forearm - "Squeeze my fingers, pull down and across chest |
| starting position for D1 flexion lower extremity | Hip ext, abduction, IR, ankle PF, foot eversion, toe flexion |
| end position for DI flexion LE | Hip flexion, adduction, ER, ankle DF, foot inversion, toe extension |
| starting position for D2 flexion LE | Hip ext, adduction, ER, ankle PF, Foot inversion, toe flexion |
| ending position for D2 flexion LE | Hip flexion, abduction, IR, ankle DF, foot eversion, toe extension |
| 1 rep of PNF is sufficient to gain how much motion? | 3° to 9° |
| how many times per week should PNF be used? | 1-2 |
| how long should you hold static contraction of the tight mm? | 3-15 seconds |
| what % maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) is sufficient to gain ROM | 20 |
| what is used to place the tight mm on a stretch? | shortening contraction of opposite mm |
| stretching should be ___ velocity | low |
Created by:
bdavis53102
Popular Physical Therapy sets