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Ch 5: The Self
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| the overall set of beliefs that people have about their personal attributes | self-concept |
| a way of defining oneself in terms of one’s own internal thoughts, feelings & actions | independent view of the self |
| a way of defining oneself in terms of one’s relationship to others, recognizing that one’s behavior is often determined by the thoughts, feelings & actions of others | interdependent view of the self |
| the way we understand who we are & formulate and organize this information | self knowledge |
| the way we make plans & execute decisions | self control |
| the way we present ourselves to other people & them to see us the way we want to be seen | impression management |
| the way in which we try to maintain positives views of ourselves | self esteem |
| the process whereby people look inward and examine their own thoughts, feelings and motives | introspection |
| the idea that when people focus their attention on themselves, they evaluate & compare their behavior to their internal standards and values | self-awareness theory |
| theories about the causes of one’s own feelings and behaviors; often form our cultures | causal theories |
| theory that when our attitudes & feelings are uncertain, we infer these states by observing our behavior & the situation in which it occurs | self perception theory |
| the idea that emotional experience is the result of a two-step self self-perception process in which people 1) experience physiological arousal 2) seek an appropriate explanation | two-factor theory of emotion |
| the process whereby people make mistaken inferences about what is causing them to feel this way | misattribution of arousal |
| desire to engage in an activity because we enjoy it; not because of external factors | intrinsic motivation |
| desire to engage in an activity because of external rewards/pressures; not because of own interest | extrinsic motivation |
| the tendency for people to view their behavior is caused by extrinsic reasons, underestimating the extent to which it was caused by intrinsic reasons | overjustification effect |
| rewards that are given for performing a task; regardless of how well the task is done | task contingent rewards |
| rewards that are based on the quality of the performance | performance contingent rewards |
| idea that we have a set amount of ability that cannot change | fixed mindset |
| idea that achievement is the result of working hard, trying new strategies & seeking input from others | growth mindset |
| idea that we learn about our own abilities & attitudes by comparing ourselves to other people | social comparison theory |
| comparing ourselves to others who are better; regardless of traits/ability | upward social comparison |
| comparing ourselves to others who are worse; regardless of traits/ability | downward social comparison |
| the ability to subdue immediate desires to achieve long-term goals | self control |
| peoples specific plans about where, when and how they will fulfill a goal & avoid temptations | implementation intentions |
| the attempt by people to get others to see them as they want to be seen | impression management |
| the process whereby people flatter, praise and try to make themselves likable to another person, often of higher status | ingratiation |
| the strategy whereby people create obstacles & excuses for themselves so that if they do poorly on a task, they can avoid blaming themselves | self-handicapping |
| people act in ways that reduce the likelihood that they will succeed on a task, if they fail they can blame it on the obstacles they created rather than lack of ability | behavioral self-handicapping |
| devised ready-made excuses in case they fail, instead of creating obstacles | reported self-handicapping |
Created by:
nsibley
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