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Ch 4: Social Percep
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| the study of how we form impressions of & make inferences about other people | social perception |
| the way in which people communicate, intentionally/unintentionally, without words, including via facial expressions, tone of voice, gestures, body positions, movement, touch & gaze | nonverbal communication |
| to express/emit nonverbal behavior, such as smiling/patting someone on the back | encode |
| to interpret the meaning of the nonverbal behavior other people express | decode |
| facial expressions in which one part of the face registers one emotion while another part of the face registers a different emotion | affect blends |
| drawing meaningful conclusions about another person’s personality/skills based on extremely brief sample of behavior | thin-slicing |
| culturally determined rules about which nonverbal behaviors are appropriate to display | display rules |
| nonverbal gestures that have well-understood definition within a given culture, usually having direct verbal translations | emblems |
| when it comes to forming expression, the first traits we perceive in others influence how we view information that we learn about them later | primacy effect |
| the tendency to stick with an initial judgment even in the face of new information that should prompt us to reconsider | belief perserverance |
| a description of the way in which people explain the causes of their own & other people’s behavior | attribution theory |
| the inference that a person is behaving in a certain way because of something about the person (attitude, character, personality) | internal attribution |
| the inference that a person is behaving a certain way because of something about the situation they are in, with the assumption that most people would respond the same way in that situation | external attribution |
| a theory that states that to form an attribution about what caused a persons behavior, we not the pattern between when the behavior occurs & the presence/absence of possible causal factors | covariation model |
| the extent to which other people behave the same way toward the same stimulus as the actor does | consensus information |
| the extent to which one particular actor behaves in they same way to different stimuli | distinctiveness information |
| the extent to which the behavior between one actor & one stimulus is the same across time & circumstances | consistency information |
| the seeming importance of information that is the focus of people’s attention | perceptual salience |
| analyzing behavior first by making an automatic internal attribution & only then thinking about possible situational reasons for the behavior | two-step attribution process |
| explanations for one’s success that credit internal, dispositional factors & explanations for one’s failures that blame external, situational factors | self-serving attributions |
| a defensive attribution wherein people assume that bad things happen to bad people & good things happen to good people | belief in a just world |
| the tendency to think that other people are more susceptible to attributional biases in their thinking than we are | bias blind spot |
| the notion that good moral behavior is rewarded & bad actions will be punished, whether in this lifetime or others | karma |
Created by:
nsibley
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