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Heredity & Reproduct

TermDefinition
allele a member of a gene pair
dominant trait a trait that is most likely to appear in offspring
gene the part of DNA that gives instructions for what traits offspring will have
genotype The combination of genes passed on to offspring. Dominant alleles are written as uppercase letters. Recessive alleles are written as lowercase letters.
phenotype The way an organism looks based on its genotype. If a dominant allele is present in the organism's genotype, that trait will appear in the organism.
probability the mathematical chance that something will happen
recessive trait a trait that is least likely to appear in offspring
budding When a new organism grows from the body of an existing organism.
chromatid One half of a copied chromosome.
egg cell a female sex cell
homologous pair a pair of matching chromosomes
meiosis cell division that produces sex cells
sex cell a parent cell that combines with another sex cell during sexual reproduction to form a new organism
sperm cell a male sex cell
asexual reproduction Happens when a new organism is formed from one parent. For example, a single-cell organism reproduces by dividing into two cells. This produces two new organisms.
23 chromosomes The number of chromosomes in a human sex cell.
46 chromosomes The number of chromosomes a human cell needs.
mitosis The separation of chromosomes before the cell divides and makes two new cells.
Created by: eaust
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