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PS 1st SEM EXAM

Physical Science 1st Semester Exam Coach Leach

TermDefinition
Creation Mandate God's command that directs us to exercise wise and good dominion over His creation to the glory of God and for the benefit of fellow humans.
Model A workable explanation or description of a phenomenon.
Hypothesis An initial, testable explanation of a phenomenon that stimulates and guides scientific investigation.
Workability The basis upon which a model is assessed, taking into account how well it explains or describes a set of observations and how well the model makes predictions.
Accuracy The comparison of a measurement to an accepted or expected value.
Precision The degree of exactness of a measurement; can indicate the closeness or repeatability of measurements.
Matter Anything that has mass and occupies space.
Physical Change Any change in matter that does not alter its chemical or nuclear composition.
Chemical Change A change that alters the chemical composition of a substance.
Melting Point The temperature at which a solid turns to a liquid.
Freezing Point The temperature at which a liquid turns to a solid.
Vaporization The change of state from a liquid to a gas.
Evaporation The relatively slow form of vaporization in which liquid particles obtain sufficient energy to change to the gaseous state through the random collisions of particles.
Boiling Point The temperature at which a liquid starts to boil.
Law of Conservation of Matter The law that states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed, but can only change form.
Law of Electrostatic Charges The law that states that opposite electrical charges attract each other, while like charges repel each other.
Quantum Mechanics The branch of physics that explores the behavior of matter and energy at the atomic and subatomic level.
Anion A negatively charged ion.
Cation A positively charged ion.
Chemical Equation A combination of chemical formulas and symbols that models a chemical reaction.
Reactant A substance that enters into a chemical reaction.
Product A substance that is formed during a chemical reaction.
Exothermic Reaction A chemical reaction that releases more thermal energy than it absorbs.
Endothermic Reaction A chemical reaction that absorbs more thermal energy than it releases.
Law of Conservation of Energy The law that states that energy cannot be created or destroyed but only transferred between objects or transformed; also known as the first law of thermodynamics.
Catalyst A substance that helps a reaction happen faster but is not used up in the reaction.
Inhibitor A substance that slows the rate of a reaction by reducing the effectiveness of catalysts.
Mechanics The study of motion.
Kinematics The study of how things move.
Displacement A vector quantity that describes a change in position.
Speed A scalar quantity indicating the rate at which an object moves.
Velocity A vector quantity indicating the rate at which an object's position changes.
Acceleration The rate of change in velocity.
Scalar A measurable quantity that consists of magnitude only.
Vector A measurable quantity with both magnitude and direction.
Momentum A property of a moving system that is equal to its velocity times its mass.
Trajectory The curved path of a projectile.
Dynamics The branch of physics that studies forces and how they can change an object's motion.
Contact Force A force that acts only when one object touches another.
Field Force A force that acts between objects that are not touching.
Law of Inertia The law that states that objects at rest remain at rest and objects in motion continue in a straight line at a constant velocity unless acted on by a net external force.
Law of Acceleration The law that states that he acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on the object and is inversely proportional to the system's mass.
Law of Action Reaction The law that states that for every action force, there is an equal and opposite reaction force.
Friction A contact force that works against the motion of objects trying to move past each other.
Work The energy transferred to a system by an external force when it acts on the system to move it.
Power The rate of doing work.
Simple Machine A basic mechanical device that changes the magnitude, direction, or distance traveled of the force used when doing work.
Mechanical Advantage The amount by which a simple machine multiplies an input force to produce an output force.
Lever A simple machine that consists of a rigid bar that turns about a pivot point.
Fulcrum The point about which a lever pivots or rotates.
Torque A force that tends to cause a rotation about a pivot point.
Wheel and Axle A simple machine consisting of a wheel with a rod running through its axis that acts as the pivot point.
Gear A simple machine that consists of a wheel with teeth on its perimeter that mesh with similar teeth of other gears to do work.
Pully A simple machine that consists of a wheel and axle system with a groove around the perimeter of the wheel in which a rope, cable, or belt moves with the wheel as it rotates.
Inclined Plane A simple machine that consists of a plane whose opposite ends are at different heights.
Wedge A simple machine consisting of two inclined planes attached at an acute angle and used to spread a material apart as it is forced into the material.
Screw A simple machine that consists of an inclined plane wrapped around a cone or cylinder in a spiral pattern.
Efficiency A comparison of the amount of usable energy remaining after a process with the original amount of energy that went into the process.
Created by: CoachLeach
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