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CSE Pathology Notes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| CHF: Respiratory Patterns | TACHYPNEA, ORTHOPNEA, PAROXYSMAL NOCTURNAL DYSPNEA (PND) |
| CHF: Hemodynamics= ______ PCWP/ PAP | Increased |
| CHF: Cardiac Enzymes= Elevated _______ | Elevated BNP |
| CHF: Patient Placement | High Fowler's |
| Diuretics- to promote Fluid excretion: | Furosemide (Lasix) |
| Name some Positive InoTropic Agents : | Digitalis, Digoxin, Dobutamine, Dopamine (Vasopressor) |
| Positive Inotropic Agents would be given to these patients along with Diuretics: | CHF patients |
| Morphine is an _____ recommended for treatment of patients with CHF & MI. | Analgesic |
| These ANTIDYSRHYTHMIC agents are to treat Bradycardia _______ & Tachycardia _______. | Bradycardia: Atropine Tachycardia: Procainamide, Metoprolol |
| This ELECTROLYTE value may be High or Low during an MI: | potassium (3.5-4.5); Hypokalemia or Hyperkalemia |
| What might you see on an ECG with a patient with an MI: | Inverted T-waves or Elevated ST- segment |
| Which cardiac enzyme may be elevated during an MI? | Troponin |
| These ANTIDYSRHYTHMIC agents are to treat an MI: | Amiodarone, Procainamide (tachy), Atropine (Brady) |
| MI: _______ are for Chest Pain. | Nitrates |
| Aspirin can be used as a treatment for: | an MI |
| For a patient with an MI; you would maintain blood pressure with ______ or ________ (Dopamine). | you would maintain blood pressure with __FLUIDS____ or __VASOPRESSORS______ (Dopamine). |
| For a Patient with PULSELESS V-tach or V-Fib; what would you recommend? | Defibrillate |
| Cause of Cardiogenic Shock? | Heart Failure |
| Cause of Neurogenic or Vasogenic Shock? | Alterations in vascular smooth muscle tone |
| Cause of Anaphylactic Shock? | Hypersensitivity/ Allergic reaction |
| Cause of Septic Shock? | Infection |
| Cause of Hypovolemic Shock? | Insufficient intravascular fluid volume |
| Cause of Traumatic Shock? | Components of hypovolemic & septic shock |
| Shock hemodynamics: ________ CVP, PAP, PCWP, Qt | DECREASED |
| Shock: Urine output would be _______ | DECREASED (normal 40) |
| Treat Hypovolemia with ________. | IV Fluids |
| vasopressors for vasogenic shock: | Dopamine, Dobutamine |
| BS for a Pt with a PE? | Wheezing, crackles, PLEURAL FRICTION RUB |
| Pt's Med Hx: Sudden onset of signs & symptoms indicate this disease: | Pulmonary Embolism |
| CXR: ______Density in infarcted area, _______ of Pulmonary Arteries, ______-shaped infiltrate indicate a PE. | INCREASED Density in infarcted area, DILATION of Pulmonary Arteries, WEDGE-shaped infiltrate indicate a PE. |
| PE: Hemodynamics: ______ PAP | Increased PAP |
| Capnography (PeCO2) for a Pt with a PE: ______ PeCO2 with a Normal ______. | Decreased PeCO2 with a Normal PaCO2 |
| Vd/Vt is Increased: this indicates a PE also known as ________. | Dead Space Disease |
| Anticoagulants (_____) to treat a PE? | Heparin; (high or low molecular weight heparin) |
| Vital signs for a Patient with SEPSIS: ______, ______, ______. | Febrile, Tachycardia, Hypotension |
| Cough & Sputum for SEPTIC patient: | Productive of Yellow/ Green sputum in presence of Pneumonia |
| WBC: Increased with ________ infection, Decreased with ________ infection? | Increased with bacterial infection, Decreased with viral infection |
| Blood cultures should be drawn______ to initiating antimicrobial therapy. (with a suspected SEPTIC patient) | PRIOR |
| Sputum: Gram Positive or Gram Negative organisms in presence of pulmonary involvement indicate: | SEPSIS |
| How would you treat a SEPTIC patient? | Support circulation & perfusion, IV hydration, Antibiotics (antimicrobial therapy), Standard Precautions |
| Pneumocystis carinji/jirovecii infections can be treated with _________. | Aerosolized Pentamidine |
| For immunocompromised patients: this med can be used for pain & fever: | Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) |
| For immunocompromised patients: this med can be used for sinus congestion: | decongestants |
| For immunocompromised patients: this med can be used to thin mucus in the airways that might help relieve symptoms caused by infections: | expectorants |
| For immunocompromised patients: Respiratory Pattern: | Irregular Rhythm, Cheyne- Stokes Breathing |
| For immunocompromised patients: LOC: | Altered |
| For immunocompromised patients: Pupillary Response: | Abnormal |
| Normal ICP's when monitoring: | 5-10 mmHG |
| Hyperinflation therapy recommendations for a patient with chest trauma, rib fractures/ flail chest: | IS/SMI, IPPB, deep breathing & coughing exercises |
| In Severe Cases: How would you Treat/ manage a patient with chest trauma, rib fractures/ flail chest? | Stabilization of Chest Wall, Mechanical ventilation for patients with Flail Chest, PEEP |
| Vital Signs for a Patient with a Pneumothorax: _____, _____, _____. | Tachycardia, Pulsus Paradoxus, Hypertension |
| If the patient presents with a Pneumothorax & is unstable ( bradycardia, hypotension, cyanosis, etc.) WHAT would you recommend as treatment? | Needle Decompression |
| After the insertion of a chest tube; what are some Hyperinflation therapy recommendations? | IS/ SMI, IPPB |
| A patient with a Hemothorax would have ______ RBC, Hb, Hct? | Decreased CBC |
| How would you drain fluid on a patient with a Hemothorax? | thoracentesis or chest tube |
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tumi6472
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