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9U2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| matter | anything that has mass and takes up space |
| atom | smallest unit of matter |
| positive | The nucleus of an atom has a net ______ charge. |
| proton | positively charged particles |
| neutron | electrically neutral particles, which means they have no charge |
| electron | negatively charged particles with almost no mass |
| John Dalton | developed modern atomic theory |
| atomic theory of atoms | a theory that states that all matter is made of atoms that cannot be divided or destroyed |
| Sir Joseph John Thomson | discovered the presence of electrons |
| Ernest Rutherford | discovered the nucleus |
| Sir James Chadwick | discovered the neutron |
| properties | characteristics used to describe an object |
| physical properties | the characteristics of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance |
| boiling point | temperature at which a liquid boils and turns to gas |
| freezing point | the temperature at which a liquid changes to a solid |
| magnetism | a property of some materials in which there is a force of repulsion or attraction between certain like and unlike poles |
| solubility | the ability of one substance to dissolve in another |
| color | the quality of an object or substance with respect to the reflection of light |
| size | an object's overall dimensions |
| volume | the amount of space something occupies |
| density | the amount of matter in a given space |
| intensive property | a physical property that remains the same no matter how much of a substance is present |
| extensive property | a physical property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample |
| chemical properties | the characteristics of a substance that determine how it will react with other substances. |
| Reactivity | the property that describes the likelihood of a substance combines chemically with other substances |
| toxicity | the degree to which a substance is biologically harmful |
| Flammability | a substance's ability to burn in the presence of oxygen |
| combustibility | the ability of a substance to burn in air |
| physical change | a change of matter from one form to another without a change in chemical properties |
| chemical change | a change in matter that produces one or more new substances |
| exothermic reaction | a reaction that releases energy in the form of heat |
| endothermic reaction | a reaction that absorbs energy in the form of heat |
| conservation of mass | the amount of mass at the start of a reaction will equal the amount of mass after the reaction |
| reactant | substance that is changed in a physical or chemical reaction |
| product | the resulting substance of a physical or chemical reaction |
| molecule | a group of atoms bonded together |
| solid | matter that has a definite shape and volume |
| liquid | free-flowing and assume the shape of the container that holds them |
| gas | A state of matter with no definite shape or volume |
| compressibility | a measure of how much the volume of matter decreases under pressure |
| viscosity | the resistance to flow |
| friction | a force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are in contact |
| melting | when matter changes from solid to liquid |
| freezing | when matter changes from a liquid to solid |
| vaporization | when liquid turns to vapor |
| condensation | when a vapor turns to liquid |
| sublimation | when solids can change directly to vapors |
| deposition | when vapors sometimes change directly into solids |
| nucleus | the center of an atom, formed by protons and neutrons |
| elements | one type of atom |
| periodic table | table of all of the elements |
| chemical symbol | one or two letters that represent an element |
| atomic number | the number of protons an atom contains |
| atomic mass | the average mass of a typical atom of that element |
| period | a row of elements across the periodic table |
| group | a column of elements in the periodic table |
| Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev | was a Russian scientist, invented the periodic table in 1869 |
| isotopes | atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons |
| neutral element | element that has the same number of protons and electrons, no charge |
| ion | a charged atom |
| molecules | two or more atoms combined |
| molecular compound | molecules combined with other molecules |
| diatomic molecule | a molecule containing only two atoms |
| chemical bond | the force that holds two atoms together |
| valance electrons | electrons in the outermost energy level |
| pure substance | a substance made of only one kind of matter and having definite properties. |
| mixture | A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined |
| heterogeneous mixture | a mixture in which components are not evenly distributed throughout the mixture |
| homogeneous mixture | A mixture in which substances are evenly distributed throughout the mixture |
| solution | a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances |
| solute | the substance that is dissolved into the other substance |
| solvent | the substance into which the solute dissolves |
| solubility | the ability of a substance to dissolve in another substance |
| concentration | the amount of solute contained in a solution |
| concentrated solution | a solution containing a large amount of solute |
| diluted solution | a solution that contains a small amount of solute |
| fluid | Any substance that can flow; liquids and vapors |
| pressure | the amount of force exerted per unit area of a surface |
| pressure formula | force / area |
| proportional | pressure is __________ to both force and area. |
| Colloids | mixtures that are halfway between a solution and a suspension |
| Suspension | heterogeneous mixtures in which particles do not dissolve and are not evenly distributed |
Created by:
Ms. Greenup
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