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9U2

QuestionAnswer
matter anything that has mass and takes up space
atom smallest unit of matter
positive The nucleus of an atom has a net ______ charge.
proton positively charged particles
neutron electrically neutral particles, which means they have no charge
electron negatively charged particles with almost no mass
John Dalton developed modern atomic theory
atomic theory of atoms a theory that states that all matter is made of atoms that cannot be divided or destroyed
Sir Joseph John Thomson discovered the presence of electrons
Ernest Rutherford discovered the nucleus
Sir James Chadwick discovered the neutron
properties characteristics used to describe an object
physical properties the characteristics of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance
boiling point temperature at which a liquid boils and turns to gas
freezing point the temperature at which a liquid changes to a solid
magnetism a property of some materials in which there is a force of repulsion or attraction between certain like and unlike poles
solubility the ability of one substance to dissolve in another
color the quality of an object or substance with respect to the reflection of light
size an object's overall dimensions
volume the amount of space something occupies
density the amount of matter in a given space
intensive property a physical property that remains the same no matter how much of a substance is present
extensive property a physical property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample
chemical properties the characteristics of a substance that determine how it will react with other substances.
Reactivity the property that describes the likelihood of a substance combines chemically with other substances
toxicity the degree to which a substance is biologically harmful
Flammability a substance's ability to burn in the presence of oxygen
combustibility the ability of a substance to burn in air
physical change a change of matter from one form to another without a change in chemical properties
chemical change a change in matter that produces one or more new substances
exothermic reaction a reaction that releases energy in the form of heat
endothermic reaction a reaction that absorbs energy in the form of heat
conservation of mass the amount of mass at the start of a reaction will equal the amount of mass after the reaction
reactant substance that is changed in a physical or chemical reaction
product the resulting substance of a physical or chemical reaction
molecule a group of atoms bonded together
solid matter that has a definite shape and volume
liquid free-flowing and assume the shape of the container that holds them
gas A state of matter with no definite shape or volume
compressibility a measure of how much the volume of matter decreases under pressure
viscosity the resistance to flow
friction a force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are in contact
melting when matter changes from solid to liquid
freezing when matter changes from a liquid to solid
vaporization when liquid turns to vapor
condensation when a vapor turns to liquid
sublimation when solids can change directly to vapors
deposition when vapors sometimes change directly into solids
nucleus the center of an atom, formed by protons and neutrons
elements one type of atom
periodic table table of all of the elements
chemical symbol one or two letters that represent an element
atomic number the number of protons an atom contains
atomic mass the average mass of a typical atom of that element
period a row of elements across the periodic table
group a column of elements in the periodic table
Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev was a Russian scientist, invented the periodic table in 1869
isotopes atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons
neutral element element that has the same number of protons and electrons, no charge
ion a charged atom
molecules two or more atoms combined
molecular compound molecules combined with other molecules
diatomic molecule a molecule containing only two atoms
chemical bond the force that holds two atoms together
valance electrons electrons in the outermost energy level
pure substance a substance made of only one kind of matter and having definite properties.
mixture A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined
heterogeneous mixture a mixture in which components are not evenly distributed throughout the mixture
homogeneous mixture A mixture in which substances are evenly distributed throughout the mixture
solution a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances
solute the substance that is dissolved into the other substance
solvent the substance into which the solute dissolves
solubility the ability of a substance to dissolve in another substance
concentration the amount of solute contained in a solution
concentrated solution a solution containing a large amount of solute
diluted solution a solution that contains a small amount of solute
fluid Any substance that can flow; liquids and vapors
pressure the amount of force exerted per unit area of a surface
pressure formula force / area
proportional pressure is __________ to both force and area.
Colloids mixtures that are halfway between a solution and a suspension
Suspension heterogeneous mixtures in which particles do not dissolve and are not evenly distributed
Created by: Ms. Greenup
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