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Chemistry of Life
This is a review over chapter six in the Physical Science 6th edition textbook.
| Question/Term | Answer/definition |
|---|---|
| define organic compound | a compound that contains carbon |
| Define straight chain | A molecular arrangement that consists of a single continuous series of any number of carbon atoms bonded to each other. |
| Define Branched chain | A molecular arrangement that has carbon atoms that connect to other carbon atoms that are not on the ends of a straight chain; there are more than one path the carbon atoms can follow. |
| Define Rings | A molecular arrangement that is made by connecting two ends of a continuous chain |
| Define hydrocarbons | Compounds made of only carbon and hydrogen atoms |
| carbon atom prefix for 1 | meth |
| carbon atom prefix for 2 | eth |
| carbon atom prefix for 3 | prop |
| carbon atom prefix for 4 | but |
| carbon atom prefix for 5 | pent |
| carbon atom prefix for 6 | hex |
| carbon atom prefix for 7 | hept |
| carbon atom prefix for 8 | oct |
| carbon atom prefix for 9 | non |
| carbon atom prefix for 10 | dec |
| define structural formula | a drawing that shows the atoms, bonds and arrangements in a molecule. |
| One way to classify hydrocarbons: | is by the types of bonds between the carbon atoms. |
| Alkanes | Saturated hydrocarbons, and the sympolist form is methane, which consists of one carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms. They have low reactivity. |
| Define unsaturated hydrocarbons | Hydrocarbons that contain any double or triple bonds between carbon atoms |
| Alkenes | Unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between carbon atoms. The names end in ene. |
| The first part of an organic compound name tells us | the number of carbon atoms in that particular compound |
| The second part of an organic compound name tells us | the number of bonds in that particular compound |
| Alkynes | Unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain at least one triple bond between carbon atoms. It is the most reactive of the hydrocarbons as a result of the triple bond. |
| Define Aromatic hydrocarbons | unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain at least one benzene structure |
| Define benzene ring | An unsaturated hydrocarbon containing six carbon atoms, each with an attached hydrogen atom. |
| Define isomers | Two molecules with the same molecular formula but whose structures differ |
| Define Substituted hydrocarbon | the result of substituting one hydrogen atom with a different atom or group of atoms. |
| Define Functional group | The atom or group of atoms that scientists insert to form the substituted hydrocarbon |
| Define Alcohol | hydrocarbons in which a hydroxyl group replaces at least one of the hydrogen atoms. They usually have higher boiling points and greater solubility in water than similar hydrocarbons. They are identified by the -ol ending |
| Define Aldehydrates | Hydrocarbons in which a double-bonded oxygen atom replaces two hydrogen atoms at the end of a chain. The properties vary depending on the hydrocarbon to which the carbonyl group is attached. They are identified by the -al ending |
| Define Ketones | Hydrocarbons in which a carbonyl group is present on a carbon atom that is not at the end of a chian. They typically have greater solubility in water than their unsubstituted counterparts. They are identified by the -one ending. |
| Define polymers | Gigantic molecules formed by linking many smaller molecules together. |
| Define monomers | Smaller molecules that are put together to form a polymer. |
| How are polymers formed? | linking identical monomers or by connecting different ones. |
| Why do scientist use the synthetic polymer polyethylene to form many containers and plastic bottles? | because of its flexibility and high-impact strength |
| The desire to replace silk and cotton led to the discovery of what? | nylon |
| Define organic chemistry | The chemistry of carbon-containing compounds. |
| Define biochemistry | The chemistry of living things |
| Define carbohydrates | compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, with the hydrogen and oxygen usually in a 2:1 ratio. |
| Define sarches | complex carbohydrates that is formed by linking glucose molecules to form large bolymers, some of which contain branches of smaller glucose chains off the main chain. |
| Define Sugars | Simple carbohydrates that provide quick energy to people and animals |
| Define proteins | Polymers formed by linking amino acids. |
| Define amino acids | organic molecules with both an amine and a carboxyl group. |
| Define lipids | organic compounds that include fats, oils, wazes, and cholesterol |
| Define saturated fats | Lipids that have only a single bond between carbon atoms within a portion of the molecule called a fatty acid chain. They are typically solid at room temperature, come from animal sources, and are simple called fats. |
| Define unsaturated fats | Lipids that contain one or more double bonds in their fatty acids. They typically come from plants, remain liquid at room temperature, and are called oils. |
| Define nucleic acids | Polymers that contain the instructional code for the reproduction, growth, and all other processes of cells |
| Define nucleotides | monomers that consist of sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen containing base. |
| How do nucleic acids form? | By linking nucleotides |
| Define DNA | the nucleic acid that directs the reproduction and growth of cells in all living organisms. |
Created by:
hihello2007
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