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Chapter 14
Treatment of Psychological Disorders
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| psychotherapy | an interaction between a therapist and someone suffering from a psychological problem, with the goal of providing support or relief from the problem |
| eclectic psychotherapy | treatment that draws on techniques from different forms of therapy, depending on the client and the problem |
| psychodynamic psychotherapies | a general approach to treatment that explores childhood events and encourages individuals to develop insight into their psychological problems |
| resistance | a reluctance to cooperate with treatment for fear of confronting unpleasant unconscious material |
| transference | an event that occurs in psychoanalysis when the analyst begins to assume a major significance in the client’s life and the client reacts to the analyst based on unconscious childhood fantasies |
| behavior therapy | a type of therapy that assumes that disordered behavior is learned and that symptom relief is achieved through changing overt maladaptive behaviors into more constructive behaviors |
| token economy | a form of behavior therapy in which clients are given “tokens” for desired behaviors, which they can later trade for rewards |
| exposure therapy | an approach to treatment that involves confronting an emotion- arousing stimulus directly and repeatedly, ultimately leading to a decrease in the emotional response |
| cognitive therapy | a form of psychotherapy that involves helping a client identify and correct any distorted thinking about self, others, or the world |
| cognitive restructuring | a therapeutic approach that teaches clients to question the automatic beliefs, assumptions, and predictions that often lead to negative emotions and to replace negative thinking with more realistic and positive beliefs |
| mindfulness meditation | a form of cognitive therapy that teaches an individual to be fully present in each moment; to be aware of his or her thoughts, feelings, and sensa- tions; and to detect symptoms before they become a problem |
| cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) | a blend of cognitive and behavioral therapeutic strategies |
| person-centered therapy | an approach to therapy that assumes all individuals have a tendency toward growth and that this growth can be facilitated by acceptance and genuine reactions from the therapist |
| gestalt therapy | an existentialist approach to treatment with the goal of helping the client to become aware of his or her thoughts, behaviors, experiences, and feelings and to “own” or take responsibility for them |
| group therapy | therapy in which multiple participants (who often do not know one another at the outset) work on their individual problems in a group atmosphere |
| antipsychotic drugs | medications that are used to treat schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders |
| psychopharmacology | the study of drug effects on psychological states and symptoms |
| antianxiety medications | drugs that help reduce a person’s experience of fear or anxiety |
| antidepressants | a class of drugs that help lift people’s mood |
| electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) | a treatment that involves inducing a mild seizure by delivering an electrical shock to the brain |
| transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) | a treatment that involves placing a powerful pulsed magnet over a person’s scalp, which alters neuronal activity in the brain |
| phototherapy | a treatment for seasonal depression that involves repeated exposure to bright light |
| psychosurgery | surgical destruction of specific brain areas |
| iatrogenic illness | a disorder or symptom that occurs as a result of a medical or psychotherapeutic treatment |
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honeymilk
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