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ADRs & Indications

Misc. adverse drug reactions & Indications

QuestionAnswer
Aminoglycosides (Gentamicin, Tobramycin, Amikacin) Ototoxicity & Nephrotoxicity
Vancomycin “Red Man Syndrome”
Sulfonamides Stevens-Johnson (erythema multiforme)
Metronidazole metallic taste and disulfiram-like reaction (antabuse)
Fluoroquinolones Cartilage toxicity; C/I in PEDS (<18 yo)- Preg. Categ C
Erythromycin & Clarithromycin IV, high conc., and/or combo with other QT prolonging drugs (e.g. pimozide, astemizole, terfenadine) → can result in fatal arrhythmias
Chloramphenicol majorly fatal APLASTIC ANEMIA (rare but fatal); C/I in INFANTS (gray baby synd)
Tetracyclines Yellowing of the teeth & impaired bone growth; Preg. Categ. D
Rifampin and Clofazimine reddened urine
Ethambutol red-green color blindness
Isoniazid (INH), Dapsone, Sulfonamides, Nitrofurantoin "I-So Dang Sleepy Now" cause Hemolytic Anemia (esp. in G6PD deficient pts)
Erythromycin, clarithromycin & ketoconazole - inhibit P-450 enzymes
Rifampin induces P-450 enzymes
I have complete renal failure and I’m allergic to penicillin. Now what can I take for my infection? Macrolides Rifampin (antimycobacterial) Clofazimine (for Mycobacterium species)
Abx NOT renally adjusted NafcillinOxacillinTigecyclineClindamycinLinezolidAzithromycinRocephinDoxycycline
Ceftriaxone, Macrolides (except Clarithromycin), Penicillins, Moxifloxacin (only fluoroquin)
All macrolides (do/do not) require renal adjustment EXCEPT...? All do NOT require renal adjustment EXCEPT Clarithromycin
All cephalosporins (do/do not) require renal adjustment EXCEPT...? All DO require renal adjustment EXCEPT Ceftriaxone
Ceftriaxone is the only cephalosporin that (does or does not) req. renal adjustment? Does NOT require renal adjustment
Clarithromycin is the only macrolide that (does or does not) req. renal adjustment? DOES require renal adjustment
"Cef is Safe!" i.e. Ceftriaxone does not require renal adjustment
Common alternative for pencillin allergy Clindamycin
Created by: newty
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