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IntroPsych W3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| behavioral states | slow changing components of the mind |
| motivation | factors inside/outside an organism that cause individuals to behave in a particular way at a particular time |
| motivational state/drive | terms used interchangeably to indicate an internal condition that orients individuals to specific goals & can non-permanently change over time |
| regulatory drive | drive that helps preserve homeostasis |
| nonregulatory drive | a drive that serves a purpose other than preserving homeostasis |
| safety drives | drives that motivate an animal to avoid, escape or fend off dangers (fight or flight) |
| central-state theory of drives | theory where different drives correspond to neural activity in different sets of neurons in the brain |
| central drive system | a set of neurons in which activity constitutes a drive |
| 3 components of reward | liking, wanting & reinforcement |
| medial forebrain bundle | bundle of neurons that runs from the midbrain to the basal ganglia and other forebrain areas |
| nucleus accumbens | nucleus (center of neural cell bodies) in the basal ganglia that is a crucial part of the brain’s reward mechanism |
| dopamine | One of many neurotransmitter substances in the brain. It is, among other things, crucial for the “wanting” component of reward |
| endorphin | chemicals created within the body that have effects similar to those of morphine and other opiate drugs such as opium and heroin; they are best known for their role in inhibiting the sense of pain |
| arcuate nucleus | nucleus (cluster of neural cell bodies) in the hypothalamus of the brain that plays a critical role in the control of appetite |
| leptin | hormone produced by fat cells that acts in the brain to inhibit hunger and regulate body weight |
| Rapid-eye-movement sleep (REM) | recurring stage of sleep during which the EEG resembles that of an alert person, rapid eye movements occur, the large muscles of the body are most relaxed, and true dreams are most likely to occur |
| preservation & protection theory | theory that states that sleep came about in evolution to preserve energy & protect individuals during the portion of the day where moving around is dangerous |
| body-restoration theory | sleep is necessary to put the body back in shape |
| brain-maintenance theory of REM sleep | theory that REM sleep provides exercise to groups of neurons in the brain to prevent degeneration |
| suprachiasmatic nucleus | Nucleus (cluster of neurons) in the brain’s hypothalamus that controls circadian rhythms of sleep and arousal |
| discrete emotion theory | belief that basic emotions are innate and associated with distinctive bodily and facial reactions |
| peripheral feedback theory of emotion | emotional feelings are really sensations stemming from bodily changes |
| amygdala | integrative center for emotions, emotional behavior, and motivation, cluster of nuclei buried underneath the cerebral cortex in temporal lobe |
| person bias (fundamental attribution error) | bias where we attribute things to personal fault only |
| 5 categories of mammalian drivers | 1. regulatory drives 2. safety drives 3. reproductive drives 4. social drives 5. educative drives |
| feedback control | mechanism to regulate production of substances |
| stages of sleep | stage 1: brief transition stage stages 2-4: deeper stages of sleep (nonrem) |
Created by:
veda1
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