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humanistic theories

module 56-59

QuestionAnswer
humanistic theories theories that view personality with a focus on the potential for healthy personal growth
hierarchy of needs mallows pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with psychological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active
self-actualization according to Maslow, one of the ultimate psychological needs that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill ones potential
self-transcendence according to Maslow, the striving for identity, meaning, and purpose beyond the self
person centered perspective carol rogers people are basically good and are endowed with self-actualizing tendencies
acceptance a caring, accepting, non-judgmental attitude, which carl rogers believed would help clients develop self awareness and self-acceptance
genuine when people are genuine, they are open with their own feelings, drop their facades, and are transparent and self-disclosing
empathy when people are empathetic, they share and mirror others feelings and reflect their meanings
self-concept all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves in answer to the question "who am I"
trait a characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act in certain ways as assessed by self-report inventories and peer reports
factor analysis statical procedure that identifies clusters (factors) of test items that tap basic components of a trait
sybil and Hans Eysenck and trait dimensions believed that we can reduce many of our normal individual variations to two dimensions: 1. extraversion-introversion 2. emotional stability - instability
self-report personality inventory a questionnaire (often with true-false or agree-disagree items) now which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors; used to assess selected personality traits
Minnesota multiphase personality inventory most widely researched and clinically used of all personality tests. originally developed to identify emotional disorders (still considered its most appropriate use) this test is now used for many other screening purposes
empirically derived a test( such as the mmpi) created by selecting from a pool of items that discriminate between groups
Openness - practical, prefers routine, conforming -imaginative, prefers variety, independent
Conscientiousness - disorganized, careless, impulsive - organized,careful, disciplined
extraversion - retiring, sober, reserved - sociable, fun-loving, affectionate
agreeableness - ruthless, suspicious, uncooperative - soft hearted, trusting, helpful
neuroticism - calm, secure, self-satisfied - anxious, insecure, self-pitying
person situation controversy personality traits that persist over time and across situations
Albert bandora and social-cognitive approach views behavior as influenced by the interaction between people traits (including their thinking) and their social context
behavioral approach focuses on the effects of learning on our personality development
reciprocal determinism the interaction influences of behavior, internal cognitions, and the environment
self in contemporary psychology, assumed to be the center of personality the organizer of our thoughts, feelings, and actions
spotlight effect overestimating others noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and blunders (as if we presume a spotlight shines on us)
self-esteem one's feelings of high or low self worth
self-efficiancy one's sense of competence and effectiveness
dunning-kruger effect if you do not know what is logical, you may be unaware of your illogical. this ignorance of ones own incompetence phenomenon. dunning Kruger effect - can produce overconfidence among political leaders
self-serving bias a readiness to perceive oneself favorably
narcisism excessive self love and self-absorption
individualism giving priority to ones own goals over group goals and defining ones identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identification
collectivism giving priority to the goals of one group (often ones extended family or work group) and defining ones identity accordingly
Created by: Caitlyncarnell
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