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humanistic theories
module 56-59
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| humanistic theories | theories that view personality with a focus on the potential for healthy personal growth |
| hierarchy of needs | mallows pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with psychological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active |
| self-actualization | according to Maslow, one of the ultimate psychological needs that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill ones potential |
| self-transcendence | according to Maslow, the striving for identity, meaning, and purpose beyond the self |
| person centered perspective carol rogers | people are basically good and are endowed with self-actualizing tendencies |
| acceptance | a caring, accepting, non-judgmental attitude, which carl rogers believed would help clients develop self awareness and self-acceptance |
| genuine | when people are genuine, they are open with their own feelings, drop their facades, and are transparent and self-disclosing |
| empathy | when people are empathetic, they share and mirror others feelings and reflect their meanings |
| self-concept | all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves in answer to the question "who am I" |
| trait | a characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act in certain ways as assessed by self-report inventories and peer reports |
| factor analysis | statical procedure that identifies clusters (factors) of test items that tap basic components of a trait |
| sybil and Hans Eysenck and trait dimensions | believed that we can reduce many of our normal individual variations to two dimensions: 1. extraversion-introversion 2. emotional stability - instability |
| self-report personality inventory | a questionnaire (often with true-false or agree-disagree items) now which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors; used to assess selected personality traits |
| Minnesota multiphase personality inventory | most widely researched and clinically used of all personality tests. originally developed to identify emotional disorders (still considered its most appropriate use) this test is now used for many other screening purposes |
| empirically derived | a test( such as the mmpi) created by selecting from a pool of items that discriminate between groups |
| Openness | - practical, prefers routine, conforming -imaginative, prefers variety, independent |
| Conscientiousness | - disorganized, careless, impulsive - organized,careful, disciplined |
| extraversion | - retiring, sober, reserved - sociable, fun-loving, affectionate |
| agreeableness | - ruthless, suspicious, uncooperative - soft hearted, trusting, helpful |
| neuroticism | - calm, secure, self-satisfied - anxious, insecure, self-pitying |
| person situation controversy | personality traits that persist over time and across situations |
| Albert bandora and social-cognitive approach | views behavior as influenced by the interaction between people traits (including their thinking) and their social context |
| behavioral approach | focuses on the effects of learning on our personality development |
| reciprocal determinism | the interaction influences of behavior, internal cognitions, and the environment |
| self | in contemporary psychology, assumed to be the center of personality the organizer of our thoughts, feelings, and actions |
| spotlight effect | overestimating others noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and blunders (as if we presume a spotlight shines on us) |
| self-esteem | one's feelings of high or low self worth |
| self-efficiancy | one's sense of competence and effectiveness |
| dunning-kruger effect | if you do not know what is logical, you may be unaware of your illogical. this ignorance of ones own incompetence phenomenon. dunning Kruger effect - can produce overconfidence among political leaders |
| self-serving bias | a readiness to perceive oneself favorably |
| narcisism | excessive self love and self-absorption |
| individualism | giving priority to ones own goals over group goals and defining ones identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identification |
| collectivism | giving priority to the goals of one group (often ones extended family or work group) and defining ones identity accordingly |
Created by:
Caitlyncarnell
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