Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Physical Science II
Test 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| weathering | the group of destructive processes that change the physical and chemical character or rock at or near the surface. This breaks down the rocks that are either stationary or moving |
| erosion | the picking up or physical removal of rock particles by an agent such as running water or glaciers |
| transportation | the movement of eroded particles by agents such as rivers, waves, glaciers, or wind |
| parent material | the rock acted upon by weathering processes |
| mechanical weatherinf | - Breaks up rock but does not change the composition |
| plant growth | when roots growing in cracks of rocks cause the break up of rocks |
| burrowing animals | can also cause rocks to break up by speeding up chemical weathering by enlarging passageways for water and air |
| pressure of salt crystals | form as water evaporates inside small spaces in the rock, which also helps break up rock |
| extreme changes in temperature | things like forest fires can cause rocks to expand until they break |
| chemical weathering | the decomposition of rock from exposure to water and atmospheric gasses - As the rock is decomposed by these agents, new chemical compounds form -rust -loss of base cations |
| spherodial weathering | occurs where rock has been rounded by weathering from an initial blocky shape - Rounded because chemical weathering acts more rapidly on corners and edges of a rock rather than flat surfaces |
| differential weathering | term for variable rates of weathering in an area where some rocks are more resistant to weathering than others - Resistant rocks weathering slowly and may protrude above softer rocks, this is how “balancing rocks” form |
| frost action | the mechanical effect of freezing water on rocks, commonly occurs as frost wedging or frost heaving |
| frost wedging | the slow flexing of brittle rock, Water trickles into these joints and freezes, and causes the joint to expand, and can break the rock apart - This process happens season after season until there is nothing left of the rock |
| frost heaving | lift rocks and soil vertically,Rocks conduct heat faster than soil,As the ground freezes, ice forms under large rock fragments,The expanding ice will push boulders out of the ground, this process breaks up roads |
| pressure release | the reduction of pressure on a body of rock that causes it to crack as it |
| soil | layer of weathered, unconsolidated material on top of bedrock, also called Regolith |
| loam | soil of approximately equal amounts of sand, silt, and clay |
| topsoil | is the upper part of the soil which is more fertile than the subsoil |
| mass wasting | : the downslope movement of material under the direct influence of gravity - This can actually occur anywhere, even on flat land |
| rockfalls | : common type of extremely rapid mass movement, where rocks of any size fall through the air |
| Slide | movement of material along one or more surfaces of failure- Material can be rock or soil, or a combination- The slides rate of movement can vary- 2 types of slides:1) Slumps or rotational slides in which movement occurs along a curved surface2) Rock or b |
| flows | mass movement in which material flows as a viscous fluid or displays plastic movement |
| permafrost | ground that remains permanently frozen, covers nearly 20% of the world’s land surface |
| creep | slowest type of slow, and is the most widespread and significant mass wasting process in terms of the total amount of material moved downslope and the little damage it does |
| meandering stream | a stream possessing a single, sinuous channel with broadly looping curves |
| cut bank | Deeper side is called the cut bank, this is where erosion is greatest due to higher turbulence |
| point bar | the sediment body deposited on the gently sloping side of a meander loop |
| oxbow lakes | a cutoff meander filled with water |
| flood plains | a low-lying, relatively flat area adjacent to a stream, which is covered with water when the stream overflows its banks |
| delta | an alluvial deposit formed where a stream flows into a lake or the sea |
| glacier | mass of ice on land consisting of compacted and recrystallized snow that flows under its own weight |
| valley glacier | confined to a mountain valley through which it flows from higher to lower elevations |
| continental glaciers | cover at least 50,000 km² and are unconfined by topography |
| atmosphere | thin shell of gases that surrounds the solid earth, Nitrogen is 78%, Oxygen is 21% and Argon is 1%, Some Water vapor in the atmosphere |
| .03% | atmosphere is composed of carbon dioxide and inert gasses |
| hydrolic cycle | water vapor cycling into and out of the atmosphere through continuous evaporation of liquid water from the surface and precipitation of water back to the surface- Accounts for the water vapor in the atmosphere |
| barometer | an instrument that measures atmospheric pressure, used in weather forecasting, and in determining elevation above sea level |
| standard atmospheric pressure | the average atmospheric pressure at sea level, which is also Known as the normal pressure 29.92 in of mercury |
| greenhouse effect | the process of increasing the temperature of the lower parts of the atmosphere through redirecting energy back toward the surface |
| troposphere | the layer of the atmosphere from the surface to where the temperature stops decreasing with height |
| stratasphere | the layer of the atmosphere above the troposphere where temperature increases with height |
| jet stream | a powerful, winding belt of wind near the top of the troposphere that tens to extend all the way around the earth, moving generally from the west in both hemisphere at speeds of 100 mi/h or more |
| dew point | the temperature at which condensation begins |
| phsycrometer | a two-thermometer device used to measure relative humidity |
| Coalescence process | the process by which large raindrops form from the merging and uniting of millions of tiny water droplets |
| ice crystal process | a precipitation-forming process that brings water droplets of a cloud together through the formation of ice crystals |
| thunderstorms | a brief, intense electrical storm with rain, lightning, thunder, strong winds, and sometimes hail |
| tornados | a long, narrow, funnel-shaped column of violently whirling air from a thundercloud that moves destructively over a narrow path when it touches the ground |
| hurricanes | a tropical cyclone with heavy rains and winds exceeding 120 km/h |
Created by:
lm10189
Popular Physical Science sets