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Gait
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| defined as the method that we walk or ambulate from one location to another | Gait |
| Gait is analyzed in reference to the _____ cycle | Gait cycle |
| defined as the time from when the heel of one leg touches the ground until the time it touches the ground again | GAIT CYCLE |
| When describing the gait cycle, we will always reference what is happening in ____ _____ only in order to avoid confusion | one leg |
| When observing gait, always start in (how many planes) and assess each joint systematically from the ground up, or the trunk down | always start in one plane |
| You must be able to focus on # joint in # plane and ignore the rest of the body to be able to accurately observe what is happening there | one joint / one plane |
| There are a couple of different standards used to describe the gait cycle. We will use the ______________ ____ _______ terminology | Ranchos Los Amigos (RLA) terminology |
| The first sub-division is.... | 1) Stance phase |
| The second sub-division is... | 2) swing phase |
| The stance phase represents __ % of the gait cycle and is further sub-divided into # units | 60% of cycle / 5 units |
| Name the 5 units the stance phase is divided in. | Initial contact Loading response Midstance Terminal Stance Pre-swing |
| Stance phase (Name unit and %) when the foot makes first contact with the ground ( in normal gait the heel strikes first) | Initial Contact (0-2%) |
| Stance phase (Name unit and %) when the entire plantar foot is in contact with the ground (the LE is absorbing impact force from the ground) | Loading Response (2-10%) |
| Stance phase (Name unit and %) when the COM moves over the foot on the ground | Midstance (10-30%) |
| Stance phase (Name unit and %) when the heel breaks contact with the ground | Terminal stance (30-50%) |
| Stance phase (Name unit and %) just prior to when the toes break contact with the ground | Preswing (50-60%) |
| Swing phase is #% of the gait cycle and occurs when the foot .......... | 40% of gait cycle / occurs when the foot leaves the ground until initial contact again |
| Swing phase is subdivided into 3 phases. Name them. | Intial swing Mid swing Terminal swing |
| Swing phase (Name unit and %) The point when the foot is no longer in contact with the floor | Initial Swing (60-73%) |
| Swing phase (Name unit and %) when the tibia is perpendicular to the ground | Mid-swing (73-87%) |
| Swing phase (Name unit and %) when the leg is extending out just prior to initial contact | Terminal swing (87-100%) |
| When both feet are in contact with the ground we are said to be in... | Double limb Support |
| Both feet are in contact with the ground during roughly the first #% and the last #% of stance phase | the first 10% and last 10% of stance phase |
| During swing phase the other limb is in.... | Single leg support phase |
| Defined as variables that are visualized by looking at the feet as they make a pattern on the ground | Spatial characteristics of gait |
| is defined as the distance from the initial contact of one foot to the initial contact of the other foot | Step length |
| is defined as the distance from the initial contact of one foot to the initial contact of the same foot again | Stride length |
| is the distance BETWEEN the two feet | Step width |
| Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Gait: the direction of ambulation between two points | Line of progression |
| Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Gait: is an angle formed between the line of progression and a line from the heel through the second and third toes | Angle of progression |
| Temporal characteristics are variables that have to do with time such as ___________ and __________ | Velocity and Cadence |
| is measured in meters per minute | Velocity |
| is measured in steps per minute | Cadence |
| Trunk/Upper Extremity Movements: What happens with the UE and LE in gait in the sagittal plane? | In the sagittal plane, the opposite UE and reference lower extremity will move together |
| Trunk/Upper Extremity Movements: What happens with the Trunk and Pelvis in gait in the Transverse plane? | In the transverse plane, the trunk counter rotates to the pelvis So when the right pelvis advances, the right shoulder is retracted and vice versa |
| What does the The tibialis and gastroc help w/ during Initial Contact? | The tibialis and gastroc mm contract to stabilize the ankle |
| What does the hamstring and Quad muscles do during initial Contact? | The hamstring muscles are decelerating the knee flexion from swing and the quads are firing to get ready to accept weight. |
| What does the Gluteus Med and Max do during Initial Contact? | The gluteus medius and maximus contract to stabilize the hip |
| What does the tibialis anterior and the ankle inverters do during the loading response? | The tibialis anterior eccentrically lowers the foot to the ground, the ankle inverters eccentrically contract to control pronation of the foot |
| What does the Quads and Hamstrings do during loading response? | The knee moves into slight flexion, so the quadriceps are eccentrically contracting with a slight co-contraction of HS for stability |
| What does the Gluteus maximus do during loading response? | The gluteus maximus contracts to stabilize the hip and to prevent the trunk from flexing over the weight bearing limb |
| In the midstance the body has transitioned into single limb support here so muscles are functioning to ______________. | Stabilize |
| What does the gastroc and soleus do during midstance? What about the Medial and lateral ankle muscles? | The gastroc/soleus are active to stabilize the ankle while eccentrically controlling limb advancement over the foot and the medial and lateral ankle muscles are contracting for stability |
| The quadriceps and HS mm are fairly quiet as the knee is controlled by the gastroc and momentum during which stance? | Midstance |
| Do the rest of the muscle by making a chart. You have to understand them. | Then study it |
Created by:
Cainta
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