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Riding-malon
chapter 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Personality developement | Continuities, consistencies, stabilities in people over time, and the way in which people change over time |
| Three key forms of stability | 1) rank order stability 2) mean level stability 3) personality coherence |
| Rank Order Stability | Maintenance of an individual position's within group |
| Mean Level Stability | Constancy of level in population |
| Personality coherence | Maintaining rank order relative to others but changing in the manifestations of trait |
| Two defining qualities of personality change | 1) enduring 2) internal |
| Internal | changes are internal to a person, no changes in the external surroundings |
| enduring | changes are enduing over time, not temporary |
| What are three levels of analysis | 1) Population 2) Group differences 3) individual differences |
| Population level | Changes or constancies that apply more or less to everyone |
| Group differences level | Changes or constancies that affect different groups differently |
| Individual Differences Level | EX: Can we predict who is at risk for psychological disturbance later in life based in earlier measures of personality? |
| Temperament | Individual differences that emerge very early in life, are heritable, and involved behaviors are linked with emotionality |
| What does temperament include? | activity level, smiling and laughter, fear, distress to limitations, soothability, and the duration of orienting |
| Longitudinal Study | Investigation of same group of individuals over time. |
| Block and Block Longitudinal study | Study of 100 children assessed at 3,4,5,7, and 11 years old |
| Activity level assessed in two ways | Using actometer and independent assessments of behavior AND personality provided by teachers |
| Stability coefficients | correlations between same measures obtained at two different points in time |
| Validity coefficients | coefficients between different measures of the same train at the same time |
| Self-esteem variability | magnitude of short-term changes in ongoing self-esteem and is an indicator of vulnerability to stressful life events |
| Sensation seeking | Increases with age from childhood to adolescence, peaks in late adolescence around 18-20, and falls more or less continuously with age after the 20's |
| Mills College Study | longitudinal study of women from an elite college, examined personality changes between the early 40's and early 50's and they found a consistant drop in femininity |
| Cohort effects | changes over time that are attributable to living in different time periods rather than to "true" change |
| Personality coherence | Predictable changes in manifestations or outcomes of personality factors over time, even if underlying characteristics remain stable |
| Three predictions of marital dissatisfaction and divorce | husbands neuroticism, husbands impulsivity, and wife's neuroticism. |
| Caspi and Herbner | studied middle-ages couples over time in an 11-yr period, in 1970 and again in 1981. |
Created by:
amac
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