Save
Busy. Please wait.
Log in with Clever
or

show password
Forgot Password?

Don't have an account?  Sign up 
Sign up using Clever
or

Username is available taken
show password


Make sure to remember your password. If you forget it there is no way for StudyStack to send you a reset link. You would need to create a new account.
Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. See our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.


Already a StudyStack user? Log In

Reset Password
Enter the associated with your account, and we'll email you a link to reset your password.
focusNode
Didn't know it?
click below
 
Knew it?
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

  Normal Size     Small Size show me how

AP Psychology

Unit 4 - Developmental Psychology

TermDefinition
Behavior genetics a field in which variation among individuals is separated into genetic versus environmental components
Behavior geneticists study our differences and weigh the relative effects of heredity and environment
DNA a spiraling complex molecule containing our genes
Genes segment of dna containing the code for a particular protein; determines our individual biological development
genome Set of complete instructions for making an organism Contains all genes in that organism Makes us human The genome for drosophila makes it a common house fly
Twin biology Fraternal Twins: Dizygotic: develop from separate fertilized Identical: Monozygotic: develop from one fertilized egg that splits in two, two genetically identical organisms - genetically closer than brothers and sisters, share same fetal environment
separated twins identical twins raised separately from birth or close thereafter have found numbers of similarities
critics of separated twins such similarities can be found between strangers, researchers point out that differences between fraternal twins are greater than identical twins
adoption studies adoptees are different from adoptive parents and siblings, biologically related children turn out to be different in a family
parenting no effect on biologically related and unrelated children. share attitudes, values, manners, beliefs, faith, politics with parents
temperament person's stable emotional reactivity and intensity. Identical twins have similar temperament
Heritability differences among people are attributable to genes traits that are similar in parents and offspring identical twins heritability = 0 correlational term measured ratio 0-1 of genetic influence
nature and nurture human traits are fixed and most psychological traits are liable to change with environmental experience
self regulating Genes provide choices to the organism to change its form or traits when environmental variables change. Genes are pliable and self-regulating
gene-environment interaction influence traits which affect responses and the environment can affect gene activity stressful environment can trigger genes to manufacture neurotransmitters leading to depression
epigenetics - in addition to or above and beyond genetics -study of changes in organisms caused by modification of gene expression rather than alteration of the genetic code itself -caused by diet, drugs, stress, environment -stress leaves fingerprint on brain
molecular genetics Differences in humans Find the way many genes that orchestrate traits like body weight, sexual orientation, extraversion Risk populations for disease like depression, schizophrenia, learning disabilities, alcohol use disorder
Evolutionary psychology Similarities in humans Understanding human nature Molecular and behavior genetics study we we as organisms are distinct - evolutionary psychology studies why we as humans are alike. Evolution of behavior and mind using principles of natural selection
Natural selection Evolutionary process through which adaptive traits are passed on to ongoing generations because they lead animals to reproduce and survive
artificial selection biologists were able to artificially rear and domesticate wild foxes selecting them for friendly traits
human traits result of pressures afforded by natural selection
human sexuality gender differences in sexuality Males and females behave and think similarly Differences in sexes arise with regards to reproductive behaviors
mating preferences In order for males to pass their genes into future they look for youthful appearance in females. Females on the other hand look for maturity, dominance, affluence, and boldness in males.
Critiquing the evolutionary perspsective Proposed genetic determinism and undercuts morality in establishing society Genders are unequal, gender preferences are wide, but closely equal, preferences narrow down
evolutionary psychologists reply: argue that we need to test behaviors that expound evolutionary principles remind us how we have adapted but doesn't dictate how we ought to be males and females are more alike than different, if we study these differences we can establish their causes
Prenatal environnment identical twins who share the same placenta are more alike than who don't, suggesting prenatal influences on psychological traits
Rosenzweig and brain development Postnatal experience affects brain development. Rosenzweig et al. showed that rats raised in enriched environments developed thicker cortices than those in impoverished environments
experience and faculties early experience during development in humans also showed remarkable improvements in music, languages, and the arts
Parental influence genetic - support is essential in nurturing children however socializing factors plays an important role
peer influences children attempt to fit into a group by conforming peers are influential in such areas as learning to cooperate with others, gain popularity, and develop interactions
cultural influences humans have the ability to evolve culture - composed of behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next
norms rules for accepted and expected behavior
personal space - men holding hands in Arabia is normal (closer personal space) but not in american culture
variation over time cultures change over time, rate is fast happened in countries in the west, culture rapidly changes in the past 40 years cannot be attributed to changes in the human gene pool because genes evolve very slowly
individualism culture that nurtures an individual's personal identity
collectivism cultures where group identity is favored
culture and child rearing individualist cultures (european) raise their children as independent individuals whereas collevtist cultures (asian) rears thier children as interdependent
developmental similarities across groups despire diverse cultural backgrounds, in many ways humans are more similar than different. We share the same genetic profile, ,life cycle, capacity for language, and biological needs.
gender development
Created by: inayachadha
Popular Psychology sets

 

 



Voices

Use these flashcards to help memorize information. Look at the large card and try to recall what is on the other side. Then click the card to flip it. If you knew the answer, click the green Know box. Otherwise, click the red Don't know box.

When you've placed seven or more cards in the Don't know box, click "retry" to try those cards again.

If you've accidentally put the card in the wrong box, just click on the card to take it out of the box.

You can also use your keyboard to move the cards as follows:

If you are logged in to your account, this website will remember which cards you know and don't know so that they are in the same box the next time you log in.

When you need a break, try one of the other activities listed below the flashcards like Matching, Snowman, or Hungry Bug. Although it may feel like you're playing a game, your brain is still making more connections with the information to help you out.

To see how well you know the information, try the Quiz or Test activity.

Pass complete!
"Know" box contains:
Time elapsed:
Retries:
restart all cards