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Herbal Supplements
| Complementary and alternative medicine CAM | Includes healthcare systems, practices, and products not considered part of western or allopathic medicine | Use continues to increase; most common users are higher lvl educated females ages 50 to 59 (Most common users -women, those with higher level of education, those with health insurance) | Increase use means need to be familiar with contraindictions, drug interactions, and side effects | Use - greatest is herbal products or dietary supplements | |||
| Regulatory history | Past dash traditional regulatory agencies did not have regulation over supplements | Dietary supplement health and education act of 1994 DSHEA FDA has regulatory authority over supplements | National center for complementary and integrative health NCCIH Within the national institute of health NIH Helps oversee CAM in USA | ||||
| DSHEA - dietary supplement health and education act of 1994 | Define dietary supplements as containing a vitamin mineral, herb, or other botanical, amino acid or dietary substance for use to supplement the diet | Regulatory authority given to the FDA - Food and Drug administration Not regulated like drugs - prescription or OTC - no clinical trials to establish efficacy/safety Safety established after the fact FDA has to prove risk before pulling from the market | Products cannot claim to treat, cure, prevent, or diagnose any disease Products must have FDA disclaimer- "These statements have not been evaluated by the fda. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease" | May only claim benefit by supporting structure or function "Promotes cell health" "Is heart healthy" | Good Manufacturing Practices cGMP - manufacturers have to follow the current Must be labeled as dietary supplement | ||
| Misperception-natural equals safe | Ma Huang - ephedra | Natural source of ephedrine alkaloids - similar to nasal decongestants | Combined with other natural source of caffeine - natural diet supplement / energy booster | Caused anxiety, heart palpitations, stroke | Pulled from the market in 2004 | ||
| Supplements and safety | Herbal supplement - any form of a plant or plant product, including leaves, stems, flowers, roots, and seeds | Can see significant drug - herbal interactions | 69% of herbal supplement users do not tell their doctors they're using supplements | Take accurate medication history Recognize potential dangerous herbal interactions Notify healthcare professional | Many drugs are derived from herbs including chemotherapy drugs Europe herbal use - More accepted The European medicines agency - reviews evidence on herbals and recommendations Ema.europa.eu/en/medicines | ||
| Echinacea | Prevents common colds | Beware! Liver toxicity! | |||||
| Evening primrose | Used for - cancer, diabetes, eczema, arthritis, menstrual symptoms | Decreases effectiveness of anticonvulsants | |||||
| Feverfew | Fever, headaches, stomach aches, almost like a cure all | NSAIDs and warfarin interactions | |||||
| Garlic | For blood pressure and cholesterol | Need to eat a lot, r aw best | Warfarin - increased risk of bleeding | Decreases sequinivir blood levels | |||
| Ginger | Used for stomach aches, diarrhea, motion sickness, nausea | Warfarin interactions | |||||
| Ginkgo | Used for dementia, memory loss | Increases blood flow to the brain | Interactions - warfarin, trazodone, aspirin - increases the risk of bleeding | ||||
| Ginseng | Improved health, increased stamina, almost like a cure-all | Lots of drug interactions - warfarin, insulin, sulfonylureas, metformin, digoxin, phenelzine sulfate | |||||
| Hawthorne | Used for heart disease, digestive problems, kidney problems | Interferes with digoxin blood level monitoring | |||||
| Kava | Asthma, uti, fatigue, insomnia, anxiety, menopausal symptoms | Can cause liver damage, drowsiness | |||||
| Saw Palmetto | Urinary symptoms from benign prostatic hyperplasia BPH | Interacts with - benzodiazepines, cimetadine, terazosin - decreases iron absorption | |||||
| St John's Wort | Used for mental disorders, anxiety, depression | Acts like SSRIs | Lots of drug interactions, especially with antidepressants | ||||
| Valerian | Sleep disorders | Drowsiness - additive | |||||
| Cranberry | UTI prevention and treatment, urinary deodorizer (maybe due to decreasing ammonia) for incontinence | Makes urine more acidic for the prevention of UTIs Inconclusive as treatment | Not for those at risk for kidney stones - acidity of urine could precipitate calcium | ||||
| Probiotics | Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium | Promotes digestive health | Good if on antibiotics to prevent yeast infections |
Created by:
Adriannld
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