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Sensory System

QuestionAnswer
Define sensation and perception sensation is when we detect a process of stimulus while perception is were we recognize the patterns of sensation
What are the three types of sensory cortex in the baseline sensory system? primary, secondary, and association
What are the physical and perceptual dimensions of sound? - amplitude = loudness - frequency= pitch - complexity = timbre
Define the outer ear tympanic membrane (ear drum)
Define the inner ear - oval window - organ of cortex - hair cells of basilar membrane - tectorial membrane
Define the middle ear ossicles (hammer, anvil, stirrup)
What is the organ of cortex? tonotopic organization (higher frequencies closer to the oval window)
What is the complex auditory pathway from inner ear to brain? - have hair synapse on brain - axon enters metencephalon - synapse in ipsilateral cochlear nucleus - travel to superior olives, the inferior colliculus via lateral lemniscus
How do the fibers ascend from the inner ear to the brain? - fibers ascend to the medical geniculate nucleus or the thalamus - fibers ascend to the primary auditory cortex in the lateral fissure -projections from each ear are bilateral
Explain the auditory cortex. -tonotopically: tone by space - columns process vertically: sons frequencies - combined w/ association areas
What happens if you damage the auditory system? -difficulty in localization and complex patter reorganization - deafness - age related hearing loss
What are the two types of damage? - conductive: damage to ossicles - nerve: damage to cochlea, nerves,
What stimulation appear in the exteroceptive cutaneous system? - mechanical stimuli (touch) - thermal stimuli (temperature) - nociceptive stimuli (surface pain)
What are the other two somatosensory systems and their function? - perceptive system (body position) - interoceptive system (w/in the body)
How many types of receptors are there? 7 types of receptors
What is the cutaneous perceptive? identify objects by touch produce by multiple receptors mechanism
What is the dorsal-column medial- lemniscus system? carries information abt touch and perception
What is the purpose of the anterolateral system? mediates pain and temperature
What are the projections from thalamus? primary somatosensory cortex to postcentral gyrus and the secondary to the somatosensory
What are the steps for the perception of pain? 1. Pain is adaptive 2. lack of clear cortecial representation of pain 3. pain affected by cognition emotion
What is the difference between nociception and pain? Nociception is where the reflect response is reduce to tissue damage. The sensation of noxious stimuli. Pain is the unpleasant experience the involve the noxious stimuli and is a long term behavior.
What is olfactory chemical sense? the smell is response to airborne chemicals. the olfactory receptor cells are produced across a lifespan.
What are the five primary taste? sweet, salty, sour, bitter, and umami
What makes up metabotropic receptors? 1 umami, 2 sweet, 25 bitter
What is anosmia? the inability to smell
What is ageusia? the inability to taste
What is perception? prior knowledge has major influence on how we perceive the world
What is perceptual decision making? is ongoing and continuous. there is a large proportion of the energy used by the brain
How does anything get precieved? the binding problem
What is one of the currently favored possibility to solve for everything being perceived? intergration is baked in (secondary to primary etc)
What is Claustrum? a brain area does the process of intergradation
What is a characteristic of selective attention? conscious perception of a fraction of available sensory input and unconscious monitoring of important stimuli
When is internal cognitive process focus on? when the endogenous attention and the believed top-down is perceived.
When is external events focus on? when exogenous attention and the believed bottom-up is perceived.
What is the cocktail party phenomenon? the picking of a name up from across from the room
Created by: danimae44
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