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Intro Psych

Chapter 6

TermDefinition
The ability to store and retrieve information over time Memory
Process by which we transform what we perceive, think or feel into an enduring memory Encoding
The process of maintaining information in memory over time Storage
Process of bringing to mind information that has previously been encoded and stored Retrieval
Process of actively relating new information in a meaningful way to knowledge that is already in memory Sematic Encoding
Storing new information by converting it to mental pictures Visual Imagery Encoding
Categorizing information according to relationships among series of items Organizational Encoding
Storage that holds sensory information for a few seconds or less Sensory Storage
Fast-decaying storage of visual information Iconic Memory
Fast-decaying storage of auditory information Echoic Memory
Storage that holds non-sensory information for more than a few seconds but less than a minute Short Term Memory
Keeping information in short term memory (STM) by mentally repeating it Rehearsal
Combining small pieces of information into larger clusters that are easier to hold in STM Chunking
Short term memory storage that actively maintains information Working Memory
Automatically combines separate items into integrated whole Episodic buffer
Holds information for hours, days, weeks, or years; has no known capacity limits Long Term Memory
inability to transfer new information from the short term storage to long term storage Anterograde Amnesia
Inability to retrieve information that was acquired before a particular date, usually the date of an injury or operation Retrograde Amnesia
Process by which memory becomes static in brain Consolidation
Memories can become vulnerable to disruption when they are recalled and requiring them to become consolidated again Reconsolidation
Retrieving information that is not currently in conscious awareness (STM) but that was learned in an earlier time Recall
Identifying information previously learned Recognition
Learning something more quickly and smoothly when you learn it at a later time (studying) Relearning
External information associated with stored information that helps bring that information to mind (movie names to actor) Retrieval Cues
Past experiences consciously or intentionally retrieved Explicit Memory
Influence of past experiences on later behavior; even without an effort to remember them or an awareness of the recollection (riding a bike) Implicit Memory
Providing enhanced ability to think of a stimulus as a result of a recent exposure to the stimulus Priming
Network of associated facts and concepts that make up our general knowledge of the world Semantic Memory
Collection of past personal experiences that occurred at a particular time and place Episodic Memory
Forgetting what occurs with the passage of time, rapid forgetting Transience
Lapse in attention that results in memory failure Absentmindedness
Failure to retrieve information that is available in memory, even though you are trying to produce it Blocking
Assigning a recollection of idea to the wrong source Memory Misattribution
Tendency to incorporate misleading information from external sources into personal recollections Suggstibility
Distorting influences of present knowledge,beliefs, and feelings on recollection of previous experiences Bias
Intrusive recollection of events that we wish to forget Persistence
Detailed recollections of when and where we heard about shocking events Flashbulb Memories
Created by: Ngj
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