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Psych 4: Sense/Prcpt
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| sensation | the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment |
| perception | the process that allows us to recognize objects and events by organizing and interpreting sensory information |
| bottom-up processing | processing that starts sensory receptors and works up to brain's integration of sensory information |
| top-down processing | processing that constructs perceptions from sensory input by drawing on experience and expectations |
| selective attention | Awareness focuses on a minute aspect of all that you experience |
| inattentional blindness | failing to see visible objects when our mind is directed elsewhere |
| change blindness | failing to notice changes in the environment |
| transduction | in sensation, transforming stimulus energies such as sights, sounds, and smells into neural impulses our brain can interpret |
| absolute thresholds | the minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time. |
| signal detection theory | a theory predicting how and when we detect the presence of a faint stimulus (signal) amid background stimulation (noise) |
| subliminal | below your absolute threshold for conscious awareness |
| priming | the activation, often subconsciously, of certain associations, thus predisposing one's perceptions, memory, or response |
| psychophysics | the study of relationships between the physical characteristics of stimuli, such as their intensity, and our psychological experience of them |
| difference threshold | the minimum difference between 2 stimuli required for detection 50% of the time |
| Weber's Law | to be perceived as different, 2 stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage (rather than a constant amount) |
| sensory adaptation | when we're constantly exposed to a stimulus that does not change, we become less aware of it because our nerve cells fire less frequently |
| Cocktail Party Effect | the ability to focus one's attention on a particular stimulus while filtering out other stimuli |
| perceptual set | a mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another |
| wavelength | the distance from one light wave's peak to the peak of the next. Electromagnetic wavelengths vary from short blips of cosmic rays to the long pulses of radio transmission. |
| intensity | the amount of energy in a light or sound wave, which we perceive as brightness, as determined by the wavelength's amplitude |
| accomodation | the process by which the eye's lens changes shape to focus near or far objects on the retina |
| blind spot | where the optic nerve leaves the eye, creating a "blind spot" there because no receptor cells are located there |
| feature detectors | nerve cells in the occipital lobe's visual cortex that respond to specific features of the stimulus, such as shape, angle, or movement |
| parallel processing | processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously |
| pupil | the adjustable opening behind cornea in through which light enters |
| iris | the ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening |
| lens | the transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina |
| retina | the light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information |
| fovea | the central focal point in the retina, around which the eye's cones cluster |
| rods | retinal receptors that detect black, white, and gray; necessary for peripheral and twilight vision, when cones don't respond |
Created by:
CeceliaG
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