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9U2C1
Matter, Properties, and Phases
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| matter | anything that has mass and takes up space |
| atom | smallest unit of matter |
| positive | The nucleus of an atom has a net ______ charge. |
| proton | positively charged particles |
| neutron | electrically neutral particles, which means they have no charge |
| electron | negatively charged particles with almost no mass |
| John Dalton | developed modern atomic theory |
| atomic theory of atoms | a theory that states that all matter is made of atoms that cannot be divided or destroyed |
| Sir Joseph John Thomson | discovered the presence of electrons |
| Ernest Rutherford | discovered the nucleus |
| Sir James Chadwick | discovered the neutron |
| properties | characteristics used to describe an object |
| physical properties | the characteristics of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance |
| boiling point | temperature at which a liquid boils and turns to gas |
| freezing point | the temperature at which a liquid changes to a solid |
| magnetism | a property of some materials in which there is a force of repulsion or attraction between certain like and unlike poles |
| solubility | the ability of one substance to dissolve in another |
| color | the quality of an object or substance with respect to the reflection of light |
| size | an object's overall dimensions |
| volume | the amount of space something occupies |
| density | the amount of matter in a given space |
| intensive property | a physical property that remains the same no matter how much of a substance is present |
| extensive property | a physical property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample |
| chemical properties | the characteristics of a substance that determine how it will react with other substances. |
| Reactivity | the property that describes the likelihood of a substance combines chemically with other substances |
| toxicity | the degree to which a substance is biologically harmful |
| Flammability | a substance's ability to burn in the presence of oxygen |
| combustibility | the ability of a substance to burn in air |
| physical change | a change of matter from one form to another without a change in chemical properties |
| chemical change | a change in matter that produces one or more new substances |
| exothermic reaction | a reaction that releases energy in the form of heat |
| endothermic reaction | a reaction that absorbs energy in the form of heat |
| conservation of mass | the amount of mass at the start of a reaction will equal the amount of mass after the reaction |
| reactant | substance that is changed in a physical or chemical reaction |
| product | the resulting substance of a physical or chemical reaction |
| molecule | a group of atoms bonded together |
| solid | matter that has a definite shape and volume |
| liquid | free-flowing and assume the shape of the container that holds them |
| gas | A state of matter with no definite shape or volume |
| compressibility | a measure of how much the volume of matter decreases under pressure |
| viscosity | the resistance to flow |
| friction | a force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are in contact |
| melting | when matter changes from solid to liquid |
| freezing | when matter changes from a liquid to solid |
| vaporization | when liquid turns to vapor |
| condensation | when a vapor turns to liquid |
| sublimation | when solids can change directly to vapors |
| deposition | when vapors sometimes change directly into solids |
| nucleus | the center of an atom, formed by protons and neutrons |
Created by:
Ms. Greenup
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