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9U2C1

Matter, Properties, and Phases

TermDefinition
matter anything that has mass and takes up space
atom smallest unit of matter
positive The nucleus of an atom has a net ______ charge.
proton positively charged particles
neutron electrically neutral particles, which means they have no charge
electron negatively charged particles with almost no mass
John Dalton developed modern atomic theory
atomic theory of atoms a theory that states that all matter is made of atoms that cannot be divided or destroyed
Sir Joseph John Thomson discovered the presence of electrons
Ernest Rutherford discovered the nucleus
Sir James Chadwick discovered the neutron
properties characteristics used to describe an object
physical properties the characteristics of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance
boiling point temperature at which a liquid boils and turns to gas
freezing point the temperature at which a liquid changes to a solid
magnetism a property of some materials in which there is a force of repulsion or attraction between certain like and unlike poles
solubility the ability of one substance to dissolve in another
color the quality of an object or substance with respect to the reflection of light
size an object's overall dimensions
volume the amount of space something occupies
density the amount of matter in a given space
intensive property a physical property that remains the same no matter how much of a substance is present
extensive property a physical property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample
chemical properties the characteristics of a substance that determine how it will react with other substances.
Reactivity the property that describes the likelihood of a substance combines chemically with other substances
toxicity the degree to which a substance is biologically harmful
Flammability a substance's ability to burn in the presence of oxygen
combustibility the ability of a substance to burn in air
physical change a change of matter from one form to another without a change in chemical properties
chemical change a change in matter that produces one or more new substances
exothermic reaction a reaction that releases energy in the form of heat
endothermic reaction a reaction that absorbs energy in the form of heat
conservation of mass the amount of mass at the start of a reaction will equal the amount of mass after the reaction
reactant substance that is changed in a physical or chemical reaction
product the resulting substance of a physical or chemical reaction
molecule a group of atoms bonded together
solid matter that has a definite shape and volume
liquid free-flowing and assume the shape of the container that holds them
gas A state of matter with no definite shape or volume
compressibility a measure of how much the volume of matter decreases under pressure
viscosity the resistance to flow
friction a force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are in contact
melting when matter changes from solid to liquid
freezing when matter changes from a liquid to solid
vaporization when liquid turns to vapor
condensation when a vapor turns to liquid
sublimation when solids can change directly to vapors
deposition when vapors sometimes change directly into solids
nucleus the center of an atom, formed by protons and neutrons
Created by: Ms. Greenup
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