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Fund - vital signs
Lecture 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| assessment of temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure | vital signs |
| physiological balance between the heat produced in the body tissues and the heat lost | temperature |
| temperature is produced by _______ activity | metabolic |
| normal temperature is | 98.6 degrees F or 37 degrees C + or - 1 degree |
| symptoms of a fever | -increased pulse rate -increased respiration -discomfort -aching -flushed dry skin, heat, and chills |
| methods to take temperature | -oral, axillary, rectally, tympanic, temporal |
| mouth under tongue | oral |
| underarm -.5-1 | axillary |
| rectally + .5-1 | rectally |
| (ear) electronic thermometer displays a accurate reading in 3 seconds - 97.6 | tympanic |
| electronic over the temporal artery normal adult 100.1 | temporal |
| when is oral temperature not appropriate | unconscious patients or patients who have had hot or cold beverages |
| rhythmic throbbing caused by expansion and contraction of an artery | pulse |
| a pulse is a measurement of | the heartrate |
| average pulse for an infant | 115-130 |
| average pulse for an adult | 70-80 |
| average pulse for the elderly | 50-60 |
| rapid heart rate > 100 bpm | tachycardia |
| slow heart rate < 60 bpm | bradycardia |
| rate of pulse | normal, fast, or slow |
| rhythm of pulse | regular or irregular |
| record pulse as | P-80 |
| sites for pulse | arteries - temporal, carotid, brachial, popliteal, pedal, apical, radial, femoral, posterior tibeal |
| Pulse equipment needed: watch with ______ hand use your _____ or _____ finger count for ____ seconds x 2 = 1 minute if irregular count for ____ seconds ____ pulse used most often to access pulse | second; middle or fourth, 30; 60; radial |
| non invasive measuring tool used to assess the hemoglobin, oxygen saturation or arterial blood as well as the patient's pulse | oximeter |
| normal oxygen saturation rates | 95-100% |
| exchange of 02 and C02 between the external invironment and circulating blood | respirations |
| the respiration cycle includes | inspiration and expiration |
| average adult respirations per minute | 12-20 |
| average infant respirations per minute | 30-50 |
| record respirations as | R-20 |
| count respirations for ____ seconds, abnormal for ___ seconds, do after checking ______ | 30;60; pulse |
| respiration rate observations | slow, normal, rapid |
| respiration depth observations | deep, normal, shallow |
| respiration quality observations | easy, labored |
| respirations pattern observations | regular, irregular |
| respirations sound observations | quiet, noisy, rattled |
| indicates lack of oxygen in tissues, looking for bluish skin around mouth, gums, and nail beds | cyanosis |
| difficulty breathing | dyspnea |
| COPD | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| absence of breathing | apnea |
| too much 02, not enough C02 | hyperventilation |
| short, bubbly sound | rales |
| abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by cyclical hyperventilation and apnea | cheyne-stokes |
| force of blood exerted against arterial wall as it is pumped by the heart, read in mmHg | blood pressure |
| greatest pressure exerted against arterial wall during contraction of the ventricle | systolic |
| lowest pressure exerted against arterial wall during relaxation of the left ventricle | diastolic |
| normal systolic range of blood pressure | 90-120 |
| normal diastolic range of blood pressure | 60-80 |
| normal blood pressure | 120/80 |
| blood pressure varies with | age, sex, and physical condition |
| high blood pressure > 140/90 | hypertension |
| low blood pressure < 95/60 may be from shock or loss of blood | hypotension |
| used to measure blood pressure | sphygomomanometer |
| what artery is used to measure blood pressure | brachial artery |
| portable cuff | aneroid guage |
| listening for pulse beat to begin | systolic reading |
| listening for pulse beat to disappear | diastolic reading |
| diffusion or transportation of 02 and C02 | oxygen therapy |
| portion of the blood containing the RBC that transport 02 to tissues | hemoglobin |
| inadequate O2 supply | anoxia |
| inadequate O2 in the blood | hypoxemia |
| partial pressure of CO2 in arterial blood | PaCO2 |
| partial pressure of O2 in arterial blood | PaO2 |
| oxygen saturation of arterial blood | SaO2 |
| serum bicarbonate | HCO3 |
| percent methemoglobinemia | %MetHb |
| percent carboxyhemglobinemia | %C0HB |
| Low pH | acidosis |
| high pH | alkalosis |
| normal pH range | 7.35-7.45 |
| low pCO2 | alkalosis |
| high pCO2 | acidosis |
| normal pCO2 range | 35-45 |
| low HCO3 | acidosis |
| high HCO3 | alkalosis |
| normal HCO3 range | 22-26 |
| low pO2 | hypoxemia |
| high pO2 | O2 therapy |
| normal pO2 range | 80-100 |
| low SaO2 | hypoxemia |
| normal SaO2 range | 95-100% |
| true or false oxygen therapy can be given with no doctor order | false it must be ordered by a physician |
| oxygen therapy was listed as a drug by the FDA in _____ | 1962 |
| wall outlet oxygen therapy ___-___ PSI | 60-80 |
| oxygen tanks hold _____ PSI | 2000 |
| flow rate for oxygen therapy is measured in | liters/minute |
| part O2 from tanks, part from room air O2 system | low flow O2 sytem |
| most common O2 sytem | nasal cannula |
| how many LPM is usually used by patient using an O2 system | 1-4 LPM |
| simple, partial rebreathing O2 system, require greater than 6 LPM | face mask |
| bags serve as reservoirs for O2 | nonrebreathing |
| controlled amount of room air and O2 - air - entrainment mask | high flow O2 system |
| controls the amount of room air and CO2, respiratory therapist monitors | mechanical ventilator |
| used by infants to receive oxygen | oxygen hood |
| results from inhalation of 100% O2 for more than a few hours - too much supplemental oxygen | oxygen toxicity |
Created by:
teresachristensen
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