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Fund - Drug Admin
Lecture 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what determines strength of dose | -Age - very young and very old are more sensitive and require less dose -weight and gender - smaller dose for females than males -medical condition - allergies, drugs/alcohol may decrease sensitivity, before/after meals |
| three routes to give medication | topical, enteral (orally), parental (by injection) |
| route of giving medication used if drug will not be destroyed by gastric secretions, safest method, slower absorption, but longer lasting | enteral (orally) |
| drug placed between the cheek and gum for rapid absorption | buccal |
| given under the tongue = nitro tabs | sublingual |
| inserted into the rectum when patients are unable to take medicine orally | rectal |
| type of medication used for local treatment of skin, eye, nose, pulmonary mucosa, sometimes used when drugs are destroyed by liver or gastric secretions | topical |
| type of topical drug applied to skin that are for systemic affect | transdermal patches |
| injection under skin in the subcutaneous tissue | subcutaneous |
| injection into muscle tissue under subcutaneous layer | intramuscular |
| into the dermal layer | intradermal |
| into the subarachnoid space of the spinal canal | intrathecal |
| route of medication given when immediate drug affect is desired, most hazardous route, allergic reactions are instant | intravenous |
| the exact chemical formula, this is always the same | chemical name |
| assigned by manufacturer - valium, benadryl | trade (brand name) |
| name given prior to official use, always below trade name - diazapam, diphenhydramine | generic name |
| similar acting drugs are grouped into categories called | drug families |
| relieve pain - tylenol | analgesics |
| high blood pressure - vasotec | antihypertensives |
| fight inflammation - advil | anti-inflammatories |
| five rights of drug administration | -right drug -right amount -right patient -right time -right route |
| right drug; check label ____ times before administering drug/contrast material and never use a drug if it is not _______ | 3; labeled |
| right dose/amount; check the ______ and ______. 100 u/ml = ______u/5ml | strength and dose; 500 |
| right patient | -check armband -drugs given must be recorded in patient chart - type, amount given, route, location and time |
| right route | check that the drug is given by the correct route - local, sytemic, by mouth |
| right time | always record time given |
| precautions in drug administration | -check before you draw into syringe (expiration date, discared if outdated) -check for sediment, color change, cloud -check drug again after you draw it up -check if you leave the room, re-enter -check label again before administering, show DR DR |
| short venous catheter left in the vein for long periods, used for IV medications | Heparin lock |
| amount of drug given rapidly with a syringe | bolus |
| administered slowly over long periods | infusion |
| small needle with plastic wings to aid in positioning, short term only | butterfly |
| elbow, used in radiology for IVP injections | antecubital vein |
| needle with a flexible plastic sheath which stays in vein after needle is introduced and withdrawn | angiocath |
| needles range in length from ___ to ___ inches and ___ to ___ guage | 1/2 to 6 inches; 14 to 28 |
| smallest needle is the _______ number | highest |
| part of needle that attaches to syringe | hub |
| slanted portion of needle | bevel |
| syringes are measured in ______ from ___ ml to ___ ml (cc) | milliters; 1; 60 |
| true or false needles can come packaged with needle attached | true |
| slip tip or leur lock tip are? | types of syringes |
| glass container with rubber stopper held in place by metal band - inject air to allow solution into syringe | vial |
| vials come in sizes ___ ml to ___ ml | 5; 100 |
| single dose container, made of glass, use 4x4 to snap off top, 1-5 ml | ampule |
| IV solutions | -allow for introduction of solution, blood or blood products directly into vein -infused slowly -a way to dilute medications that are toxic in larger doses -a way to replace fluids after trauma surgery |
| dextrose in water, not given to diabetics | D5W |
| normal saline, relieves dehydration | NACL |
| contains NACL, potassium chloride, and calcium chloride - used during surgery, special procedures, stabilizes heart | lactated ringers |
| liquid food and vitamins | Hyper-Al - Hyperalimentation |
| iv administration usuallhy begins in | the hand |
| IV fluids should be how many inches above or below the heart (vein), if not what will occur? | 18-24 inches; above; backflow |
| count the drops per minute in drip chamber, ordered by DR | rate of flow |
| TKO means - ___ to ___ drops per minute | to keep open; 15 to 20 |
| tip of the needle is outside of vein, this allows the fluid to escape into surrounding tissues | infiltration/extravastion |
| itching, feeling of congestion, fullness in throat - stop infusion and get assistance at once | allergy |
| relaxes peristalses in patients having a BE or ERCP, given IM or IV, treats hypoglycemia | glucagen |
| anti-cholinergic accelerates heart rate dries secretions, iv given for vaso-vagal reactions | atropine |
| adrenalin, bronchodilator/vasoconstrictor, used for allergic reactions, IM or IV | epinephrine |
| diphenhydramine, antihistamine, used for allergic reactions, medication given before an intravenous injection of contrast material to prevent reactions 32 mg given 12 hours and 2 hours prior to exam | benadryl |
| diazepam, xanax, alprazolam, anti-anxiety drug, relieves anxiety, tension before procedures | valium |
| given to patients with chest pain not associated with MI (myocardial infarction) - angina | nitroglycerin |
| lidocaine, local anesthetic, used in jelly, injectable, used as anesthetic | xylocaine |
| drugs used to reduce the symptoms associated with chronic inflammatory disorders or short-term treatment of acute inflammatory conditions | corticosteroids |
| methylprednisolone, prednisone, hydrocortisone are common drugs used as a part of a treatment plan of what | corticosteroids |
Created by:
teresachristensen
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