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Ch.5 Consciousness
Ch. 5 Psychology Study Guide
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Consciousness | the awareness of things that are both inside and outside ourselves |
| Selective attention | focusing on a particular stimulus |
| Preconscious | ideas not in your awareness now, but can be recalled |
| Unconscious | according to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories of which we are unaware but which influences our behavior |
| Nonconscious | descriptive of bodily processes, such as the growing of hair, of which we are not aware |
| Circadian rhythm | a regular sequence of biological processes, such as temperature and sleep, that occurs every 24 hours |
| Insomnia | a sleep disorder characterized by recurring problems in falling asleep or staying asleep |
| Narcolepsy | an uncommon sleep disorder characterized by brief attacks of REM sleep, often at inopportune moments |
| Sleep apnea | a sleep disorder in which breathing is interrupted |
| Mind-body Problems | philosophical debate concerning the relationship between thought and consciousness in the human mind, and the brain as part of the physical body |
| altered states of consciousness | a type of conscious other than normal waking conscious |
| REM | a stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements and linked to dreaming; also called REM sleep |
| 5 stages of sleep | stage 1, 2, 3, 4, and REM |
| Consciousness as Direct Inner Awareness | being aware of things inside yourself, Example; imagine jumping into a pool of cold water |
| Consciousness as Sense of Self | this sense of self in which we are aware of ourselves and our existences |
| Consciousness as Sensory Awareness | you are aware of things outside of yourself |
| Nightmares | dreams that take place in REM sleep |
| SIDS | unexplained death, usually during sleep, of a seemingly healthy baby less than a year old |
| Night terrors | a sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and apparent terror; unlike nightmares, night terrors, are seldom remembered |
| Narcotics | a type of drug that dulls the senses, relieves pain, and induces sleep; the term is usually reserved for those drugs derived from the opium poppy plant |
| Biofeedback | a system for monitoring and feeding back information about certain biological processes, such as blood pressure |
| Depressants | a drug that reduces neural activity and slows body function |
| Delusion | an erroneous belief, as of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany certain psychotic disorders |
| Detoxification | the removal of a poisonous or otherwise harmful substance, such as alcohol or other drugs, from the body |
| Hallucination | a false sensory perception that occurs in the absence of any actual stimulus |
| Hallucinogen | a psychedelic drug, such as LSD, that distorts perceptions and evokes sensory images in the absence of actual sensory input |
| Hypnosis | a condition in which people appear to be highly suggestible and to behave as if they are in a trance |
| Stimulants | a drug that increases neural activity and speeds up body functions |
| Posthypnotic suggestion | instructions given to a person under hypnosis that are supposed to be carried out after the hypnosis session has ended |
| Amphetamines | a type of stimulant often used to stay awake or to reduce appetite |
| Addiction | a compulsive need for and use of a habit-forming substance |
| Hypnotic suggestibility | can focus on the orders of the hypnotist without being distracted |
| Behavior | any action that people can observe or measure |
| Meditation | a systematic narrowing of attention that slows the metabolism and helps produce feelings of relaxation |
| Explain the role of consciousness in daily life. | Awareness of the sensations around you; sight, smell, texture, pressure, temperature, taste. Understanding what’s happening inside of you. Understanding you are a separate human from others and from your surroundings. |
| What are altered states of consciousness that do not include drugs? | Meditation, biofeedback, and hypnosis. |
| Why was consciousness so controversial to early psychologists? | You can’t study or measure it so early psychologists didn’t believe it was real. |
| What were William James & John Watson’s opinion on consciousness? What do we think today? | They both questioned whether it could be studied scientifically. Many psychologists believe that consciousness can be studied because it can be linked with measurable behaviors, such as talking, and brain waves. |
| What are the essential questions relating to consciousness? | Every thought tends to be part of a personal consciousness. Within each personal consciousness thought is always changing. Within each personal consciousness thought is sensibly continuous. |
| Explain how the moon walking bear experiment works. | We are told to focus on one thing so we don’t pay attention to things happening separate from it. |
| What is the importance of sleep? | It helps you resist infection, lowers stress, and consolidates memories from that day so you don’t forget. |
| What is the Freudian view of dreams? | Freud thinks that our dreams are where we think about urges and wishes that are inappropriate in society, so we dream to get rid of those thoughts and play into them without the influence of outside interference. |
| What is the biopsychological approach to dreams? | Dreams begin in your biology, areas of the brain that control movement and vision so we dream about things that have recently happened because our short term memory is easy to reach. Neurobursts go off randomly and make dreams. |
| What are some uses for hypnosis? | Quitting bad habits, relieving stress, religious practice, and meditating. |
Created by:
dwatson.2023
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