Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
exam #3
psych 235 - conditioning and learning
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| what was ivan pavlov's area of study (technically)? | physiology, but more specifically digestion |
| what was the surgical procedure he created used to measure? | digestive fluids aka saliva |
| what did his surgical procedure lead to? | his curiosity about psychic reflexes |
| unlearned reflex = ... | unlearned response |
| unconditioned means | unlearned |
| classical conditioning can cause what kind of aversion? | taste |
| two types of reflexes: unconditioned (stimulus/response) | largely inborn; usually permanent; found in almost all members of a species; vary little from individual to individual |
| what are the two other terms for classical conditioning? | pavlovian conditioning and respondent conditioning |
| two types of reflexes: conditioned (stimulus/response) | not present at birth; acquired through experience; relatively impermanent; unique to each individual |
| US (unconditioned stimulus) | a stimulus that elicits an unconditional response (UR) |
| the US is the ___ of classical conditioning | powerhouse |
| UR (unconditioned response) | the response elicited by an unconditioned stimulus (US) |
| unconditioned stimuli/responses are | involuntary |
| a response is part of a... | reflex |
| CS (conditional stimulus) | a formerly NEUTRAL stimulus (NS) that now elicits a conditional response (CR) |
| CR (conditioned response) | the response elicited by a conditional stimulus (CS) |
| what was the unconditioned stimulus in pavlov's experiment? | the meat powder |
| what was the unconditioned response in pavlov's experiment? | salivation |
| what was the neutral/conditioned stimulus in pavlov's experiment? | the footsteps |
| what was the conditioned response (because of the footsteps) in pavlov's experiment? | salivation |
| in classical conditioning... what two things are ALWAYS the same? | unconditioned response (UR)/conditioned response (CR), neutral stimulus (NS)/ conditioned stimulus (CS) |
| the process of respondent/pavlovian/classical conditioning: | the process of acquiring conditional reflexes |
| why is the process of respondent/pavlovian/classical conditioning possible? | because we already have unconditional reflexes |
| if a NS is followed closely in time by a US (which elicits a UR), then the NS will come... | to elicit a similar response |
| after many pairings of the NS and US, the NS becomes a __ and reliably elicits a __; this is when a ___ ___ has been established | CS; CR; conditional reflex |
| the behavior involved in respondent conditioning is a... | reflex |
| the presentation of the two stimuli is ___ of the behavior of the organism | independent |
| what is higher-order conditioning? | pairing a NS with a *well-established* CS |
| the NS in higher-order conditioning then becomes another CS without pairing it with... | a US |
| who discovered higher-order conditioning? | G.P. Frolov |
| higher-order conditioning: with frolov's experiment - what was the NS2, CS1, CR1, CS2, and CR2? | NS2 - black square CS1 - metronome CR1 - salivation CS2 - black square CR2 - salivation |
| the importance of higher-order conditioning: many more stimuli can come to elicit... | CRs |
| ___ are particularly likely to become a CS through higher-order conditioning | words |
| what were the words Staats and Staats used in their experiment? | yof, laj, qug |
| yof used in higher-order conditioning | |
| how do you measure pavlovian/classical/respondent conditioning? | latency, the frequency of the CR, and the intensity of the CR |
| latency | the interval between the onset of the CS and the CR |
| frequency of the CR | presenting the CS alone (without the US) every now and then in test trials |
| pseudoconditioning | the tendency of a NS to elicit a CR when presented after a strong US has elicited a reflex response |
| pseudoconditioning is... | not true conditioning due to sensitization |
| if you are habituated to something then you are not... | sensitized (and vice versa) |
| what are the variables affecting respondent/classical/pavlovian conditioning? | trace, delay, simultaneous, and backward |
| trace variables | CS begins and ends before the US is presented |
| delay variables | CS and US overlap |
| simultaneous variables | CS and US coincide exactly |
| backward variables | CS follows the US |
| the CS-US contingency | if x, then y; the greater the degree of contingency - the more effective the conditioning; CS is followed by the US 100% of the time; IF NS/CS, THEN US |
| CS-US contiguity | referring to the interval between the CS and the US |
| ISI (interstimulus interval) | the time between the CS and the US |
| when do we have to worry about ISI? | in trace pairing |
| what are the two variables that impact the contiguity between the NS and the US in respondent conditioning? | the kind of response being learned and the type of conditioning procedure being used |
| what is the ideal ISI (interstimulus interval) | .5 to 1 second |
| compound stimulus | two or more stimuli are presented simultaneously, often as a CS (conditioned stimulus) |
| overshadowing | the failure of a stimulus that is part of a compound stimulus to become a CS; the stimulus is said to be overshadowed by the stimulus that does become a CS |
Created by:
kw3093
Popular Psychology sets