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Psych Unit 2
Module 11-15
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Adrenal Glands | 2 glands located on top of both kidneys; makes steroid hormones, adrenaline, and noradrenaline and they help control heart rate, blood pressure, and other important body functions |
| Pituitary Gland | "master gland", monitors and regulates many bodily functions through the hormone it produces like growth and sexual development |
| Lesion | an area of abnormal tissue |
| Electroencephalogram (EEG) | shows microscopic activity from the surface layer of the brain, can detect and investigate seizures. |
| Magnetoencephalography (MEG) | measures the magnetic fields produced by your brain's electrical currents |
| Computerized Tomography (CT) | combines a series of X-ray images taken at various angles, they provide more detail than a standard X-ray. |
| Position Emission Tomography (PET) | use radioactive substances to measure metabolic processes, shows how certain body parts are working |
| Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) | forms pictures of the anatomy and physiological processes, no radiation involved |
| Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) | measures brain activity by detecting changes associated with blood flow, detect unique brain abnormalities |
| Brain Stem | the structure that connects the cerebrum of the brain to the spinal cord and cerebellum, is composed of three sections in descending order: the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata |
| Medulla | responsible for basic functions such as heart rate and breathing |
| Thalamus | the sensory switch board, where all sensory messages (expect smell) are routed through to the cortex, medulla, and then the cerebellum |
| Reticular Formation | network of neurons at the core of the medulla and pons that help regulate attention and sleep |
| Cerebellum | "little brain", helps coordinate voluntary movements such as playing a sport and enabling nonverbal learning and memory |
| Limbic System | involved in our behavioral and emotional responses, especially when it comes to behaviors we need for survival: feeding, reproduction and caring for our young, and fight or flight responses |
| Amygdala | 2 small neural clusters that help process emotions especially fear and aggression |
| Hypothalamus | regulates body temperature, ensures adequate food and water intake, is involved in sex drive, and directs messages to the pituitary gland |
| Hippocampus | Processes conscious memories and emotional ones as well |
| Thyroid | plays a role in metabolism, growth, and development |
| Cerebrum | Controls reasoning, planning, and sensory integration, creates conscious thoughts |
| Corpus Callosum | axon fibers that connect the 2 hemispheres |
| Pons | helps coordinate automatic and unconscious movements , heavily involved in sleep |
| Cerebral Cortex | the outer layer that lies on top of your cerebrum, covers all lobes, responsible for the higher-level processes of the human brain, including language, memory, reasoning, thought, learning, decision-making, emotion, intelligence and personality |
| Frontal Lobes | Front part of the brain; involved in planning, organizing, problem-solving, selective attention, personality, behavior, and emotions |
| Parietal Lobes | On top, middle portion of the brain Right: damage can cause visuospatial deficits Left: Damage may disrupt a patient's ability to understand written and spoken language |
| Occipital Lobes | Back of the brain, processes visual info and responsible for visual reception, visualizes shapes and colors |
| Temporal Lobes | 2 located around either ear Right: involved in visual memory Left: involved in verbal memory |
| Motor Cortex | to generate signals to direct the movement of the body, part of the frontal lobe |
| Somatosensory Cortex | a region of the brain which is responsible for receiving and processing sensory information from across the body, such as touch, temperature, and pain |
| Broca's Area | associated with language production, helps to ensure the language is produced in a fluent way |
| Wernicke's Area | associated with language comprehension, works to make sure the language makes sense |
| Pineal Gland | middle of the brain, regulates circadian rhythm |
| Aphasia | loss of ability to understand or express speech, caused by brain damage |
| Plasticity | the brain's ability to adapt to changes |
| Neurogenesis | the growth and development of nervous tissue |
| Split Brain | having the corpus callosum severed or absent, so as to eliminate the main connection between the two hemispheres of the brain, often performed to reduce seizures |
Created by:
MadisonFoleyReis
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