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Peds test 1
212: developmental domains from book
Question | Answer |
---|---|
functional movement | complex activity directed toward performing a behavioral task |
stages of child development | prenatal, neonatal, infancy, toddler, preschool, school age |
lanugo | Fine hair on the body of the fetus |
what indicates malnutrition on a growth chart | consistent measures below 10th percentile |
linear postural control and locomotion | innate, genetically determined behaviors |
nonlinear postural control and locomotion | coordinating many degrees of freedom of the body, with skill emerging as the result of interactions with the environment |
protective reflexes | allows to withdrawal from noxious stimuli |
primitive reflex | dominant first few weeks then wean off |
fetal movement indicates development of ___ | CNS |
when does movement begin in prenatal stage? | 7-15 weeks, -head moves toward body and startle at 8-9 weeks |
when is hand to face movement seen in prenatal stage | after 10 weeks |
when are head movements seen in prenatal stage? | 11 weeks |
how many weeks before fetus makes breathing movements? | 12 weeks |
do new movements appear in the second trimester? | no, but development continues, incidence of hiccups, stretches, and startles decrease |
what movements develop first in fetus? | arm, leg, mouth, trunk |
what movements increase in 3rd trimester? | facial movements |
___ to ____ development of extremities in 3rd trimester | distal to proximal |
decrease in what movements in 3rd trimester | generalized movement (body takes up more space), hand to face or head movement |
when do sleep cycles begin in fetus | 26-28 weeks |
neonate is dependent on ___ for survival | others |
What indicates malnutrition on a growth chart? | Consistent measures below 10th percentile |
linear postural responses | innate, genetically determined behaviors |
non linear postural responses | coordinating many degrees of freedom of the body, with skill emerging as the result of interactions with the environment |
protective reflexes | allows to withdrawal from noxious stimuli |
protective reflexes use ____ | patterns - Can be different between parents ex. Lower vocal tone for father, higher for mother, - sucking, kicking, vocal |
primitive reflexes | dominant first few weeks then wean off |
examples of primitive reflexes | - Rooting replaced by active visual search - ATNR easily overcome - Moro not present unless startled - Postural reactions begin |
Rolling is initiated by _______ | the shoulder girdle --> later initial movement at pelvis |
which way do western children typically roll first? | prone to supine, now supine to prone more often |
why are western children starting to roll supine to prone first? | Because of SIDS back to sleep campaign |
when do western children start to roll | 3.6 months |
what can happen if child does not have enough tummy time | motor delays (tripod sitting, crawling, creeping, pulling to stand) |
how do infants first sit | supported, with spine in "c" curve and heads flexed while supported by parent |
how does infant begin to right self in supported vertical positions | combo of visual, proprioceptive and labyrinthine inputs --> righting reactions |
labyrinthine input | righting reaction used to maintain upright head position |
when do infants learn to sit independently | 6 months |
where is balance controlled in sitting | hips |
when will infant learn protective UE ext (parachute) | 6 months |
when can infant protect self in all directions while sitting | 9 months - backwards is last |
creeping | up on all fours |
Not all babies learn to ____ before _____ and it makes no difference | crawl, creeping |
crawling | army crawl down on belly |
reciprocal creeping pattern | diagonal/ contralateral pattern Opposite arm and leg flex and ext together |
when can infant ascend stairs | 11 months - descend shortly after (typically crawl backwards) |
secondary problems if child does not have tummy time | - torticollis, - plagiocephaly (head deformity), - delayed development of rolling, crawling and creeping |
when should tummy time start | before 11 weeks while awake |
prone positioning while awake is not a risk for ____ | SIDS |
infants can typically pull to stand, but they cannot _____ | get back down, - will cry for help |
when can infants stand with assistance | 7.6 months |
when can infants stand independently? | 12 months (+ or - 3) |
cruising | using an edge of an object to walk |
cruising is controlled by the ____ | arms |
what does early walking look like | wide base, arm held in "high hand guard", hip abd, flexed and slight ER, no heel strike or push off |
when does independent walking start | 12 months (+ or - 3) |
3 requirements for locomotion | progression, postural control, adaptation |
progression Ensured thru... | a basic locomotor pattern that produces and coordinates rhythmic patterns of muscle activation in the legs, trunk, and arms that successfully move the body in the desired direction |
postural control | involves the org. of multiple systems in the body to achieve both orientation and stability |
orientation | aligning body segments relative to one another and the environment to achieve the requirements of locomotion under all task and environmental conditions |
stability | controlling the center of mass relative to the moving base of support and includes three aspects: steady-state, reactive, and anticipatory balance control. |
adaptation | Ability to adapt gait, specifically the strategies used to accomplish progression and postural control the changing task and environment demands |
____, ____ and____ are critical for environmental exploration, learning and feeding | Reach, grasp and release |
by when can arm extend and fingers flex to allow for grasp? | 2 months |
2 components of grasp | 1. Transportation phase- hand to target 2. Grasp phase- anticipates object |
when does successful, goal directed reaching occur | 16 weeks |
reaching starts _____ first (w/one hand or both) | symmetrically - both |
ulnar palmar grasp | occurs at 6 months |
radial palmar grasp | 6-7 months |
when is release of objects well developed | 9 months |
three jaw chuck grasp | using distal pads of thumb, index and middle finger - 10 months |
superior pincer grasp | thumb and index finger used to pick up small items 12 months |
when does precise release of objects occur | 12-15 months |
progression of grasp | Bottle w/ 2 hands --> raking scooping --> ulnar palmar grasp --> radial palmar grasp --> 3-jaw-chuck grasp --> superior pincer grasp |