click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Peds test 1
212: Normal development
Question | Answer |
---|---|
development occurs from ___ to ___ | head to toe |
what position is 1st head control gained in? | prone |
what creates finer and faster control of body during development? | completed myelination |
what part of body is controlled first? | head |
what part of body is controlled last? | toes |
___ function must come before ____ function | proximal, distal |
____ control is required for a purposeful grasp | trunk |
trunk/shoulder control is required before a child can _____ | write |
what must come before mobility? | stability |
what grasp comes before a pincer grasp? | gross grasp like palmar/paw grasp |
gait starts with a ____ BOS before it can progress to a ____ BOS and heel strike | wide, narrow |
what is the most difficult appendage to control? | tongue |
what muscles do you need for tongue control? | facial muscles, tongue, plus cervical and postural control |
what is considered the finest motor development | speech |
at birth, children are ____ | asymmetrical |
controlled symmetry | child is able to purposefully move into a position where both sides look the same. |
controlled asymmetry | one side works independent of the other, enabling the child to reach for something. |
where does a newborn bear weight while in prone? | the head |
a child must have ____ ____ for normal development | tummy time |
reflex | obligatory response to stimulus (not under voluntary control) |
automatic reactions | automatic (unconscious) reaction with similar motor components but that is adaptable to the need or situation (can have voluntary control superimposed) |
voluntary movement | conscious, volitional, purposeful movement |
skill | coordination of automatic and voluntary movements, delicate adjustments, economy and accuracy of movement, need for an intact feed forward system |
____ moves down the spine first, ____ quickly follows. Must have both extension and flexion before ____ can occur. | Extension, flexion, rotation |
what plane of motion does an infants spine move in first? | Sagittal Plane first - extension and flexion |
what plane of motion does an infants spine move in second? | Frontal Plane second - lateral flexion |
what plane of motion does an infants spine move in last? | Transverse Plane last - rotation |
reciprocal interweaving | - Two steps forward, one step back - Focus on one developmental skill while others regress - A child may focus on walking for a while, then decrease time spent on walking and begin to talk. |
Earlier stages prepare later stages, ____ stages improve ____ stages. No need to perfect one activity before moving to the next. | later, earlier |
Walking will improve ____, sitting improves prone prop. | crawling |
Infants ____ constantly while awake and demand change in position. An atypical child must be placed in numerous positions. | move |
when does ambulation begin? | 10-15 months |
after what age does ambulation become very difficult to teach? | age 5 |
The ____ ____ and traditions of the family and community influence the process of development | cultural settings |