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AP 1 - Lecture 11
AP 1 - Shoulder Joint, Clavicle, and AC Joints
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| a triangular shaped bone which lies against the upper posterolateral chest wall between the 2nd and 7th ribs | scapula |
| Since the scapula has no direct bony contact with the thorax, how is it connected to the trunk of the body? | muscles |
| The scapula along with the clavicle form the what ? | shoulder girdle |
| the scapula is classified a _________bone | flat |
| the scapula consists of : | three borders, three angles, two surfaces, and two processes |
| the three borders of the scapula include the: | vertebral/medial border axillary/lateral border superior border |
| lies parallel to the vertebral column closest to the midline of the body | vertebral/medial border |
| lies adjacent to the axilla or armpit | axillary/lateral border |
| the short upper margin of the scapula extending between vertebral and axillary borders | superior border |
| the superior border ends in a deep depression at the lateral or humeral end called the ________ ________ | scapular notch |
| the three angles created by the three borders of the scapula include the: | superior/medial angle lateral angle inferior angle |
| formed by junction of the superior and vertebral borders | superior/medial angle |
| formed by the junction of superior and axillary borders, ending at the glenoid fossa, referred to as the head of the scapula | lateral angle |
| formed by the junction of the axillary and vertebral borders | inferior angle |
| The anterior surface of the scapula is termed the ______ ______ because of its close proximity to the ribs | costal surface |
| the anterior surface of the scapula consists of the: | body, subscapular fossa |
| the slightly concave triangular portion on the anterior surface of the scapula | body |
| a deep depression on the mid-area of the body, almost entirely filled with subscapularis muscle | subscapular fossa |
| the glenoid fossa articulates with the head of humerus to form the ________ joint (classified as a ball and socket joint) | glenohumeral |
| medial and inferior to glenoid fossa is the: | neck of scapula |
| the posterior surface of the scapula is divided into superior and inferior sections by a large ridge of bone called the: | scapular spine |
| the posterior border of the scapular spine is somewhat thickened and termed the? | crest of the spine |
| the scapular spine separates the posterior surface into two deep depressions called? | superaspinatus fossa and infraspinatus fossa |
| supraspinatus fossa lies superior to the scapular spine and accommodates the _______ muscle | supraspinatus |
| infraspinatus fossa lies inferior to the scapular spine and accommodates the ______ muscle | infraspinatus |
| arises from posterior inferior angle to the lesser tuberosity of humerus and allows the movements of adduction, extension and medial rotation for the shoulder joint - not part of the rotator cuff | teres major |
| arises from the axilllary border and attaches to greater tuberosity of humerus, allows the humerus to rotate laterally - part of the rotator cuff | teres major |
| the two processes on the scapula | corocoid and acromion process |
| anterior beak like process just lateral to the scapular notch | corocoid process |
| serves as an attachment site for muscles of the humerus, which allow flexion and adduction movements of the arm | corocoid process |
| posterior process at the end of the scapular spine | acromion process |
| articulates with the clavicle to form the acromioclavicular joint | acromion process |
| when viewed from a lateral prospective, the scapula resembles the letter ____ | Y |
| the corocoid and acromion processes form the ______ extenisons of the Y | upper |
| the body of the scapula forms the ______ vertical portion of the Y | lower |
| the transcapular "Y" lateral projection of the shoulder is useful for evaluating? | dislocations |
| what type of dislocation has occurred if the head of the humerus lies under the coracoid process? | an anterior dislocation |
| what type of dislocation has occurred if the head of humerus lies under the acromion process? | a posterior dislocation |
| what type of bone is the clavicle classified as? | long bone |
| the clavicle consists of? | shaft or body two articular extremities two small tubercles |
| the shaft of the clavicle lies in an oblique ______ plane, superior to the ____ rib | transverse; 1st |
| the shaft of the clavicle attaches to the 1st rib by the ________ ligament | costoclavicular |
| the shaft of the clavicle is hollowed above and below to create two fossa which accommodate lymph nodes: | 1. supraclavicular fossa 2. infraclavicular fossa |
| the sternal or medial extremity of the clavicle articulates with the manubrium of the sternum to form the? | sternoclavicular joint |
| the only bony articulation between the trunk of body and the upper extremity | the sternoclavicular joint (SC joint) |
| The sternoclavicular joint is classified as a ________ _________ joint surrounded by an articular capsule | double gliding |
| there is an articular disc between the sternum and clavicle which allows for what movements | circumduction, elevation, depression, forward and backwards |
| the acromial or lateral extremity of the clavicle articulates with the acromion of the scapula to form what joint? | the acromioclavicular (AC) Joint |
| the AC joint (acromioclavicular Joint) is classified as a ______ joint | gliding |
| a direct blow to AC joint will cause a ________ | separation |
| what two processes are on the clavicle? | deltoid tubercle and conoid tubercle |
| an attachment site, along with the acromion and scapular spine for the deltoid muscle | deltoid tubercle |
| serves as an attachment site for the coracoclavicular ligament | conoid tubercle |
| name the 3 joints of the shoulder girdle and their classification: | 1. scapulohumeral Joint - ball and socket joint (moves in all directions including internal and external rotation) 2. sternoclavicular joint - double gliding joint 3. acromioclavicular joint - gliding joint |
| the ________ joint, or shoulder joint, is formed by the head of the humerus and glenoid fossa of the scapula | glenohumeral |
| True or False: the glenoid fossa is not really a socket (which is oval shaped and shallow), only covering a third of the head of humerus | true |
| the glenoid fossa is deepened by the ______ ______ which is a _________ rim | glenoid labrium; fibrocartilaginous |
| the glenohumeral joint, or shoulder joint, is strengthened by what to ligaments? | corahumeral ligament and glenohumeral ligament |
| the glenohumeral ligament is actually what three ligaments on the anterior side of the glenohumeral joint? | superior, middle, and inferior segments to the glenohumeral ligament |
| a group of muscles and their tendons that act to stabilize the shoulder joint | the rotator cuff |
| the rotator cuff muscles include the: | subscapularis, supraspinatous, infraspinatous, teres minor |
| located anterior to the subscapular fossa | subscapularis muscle |
| located posterior in the supraspinatous fossa | supraspinatous muscle |
| located posterior in the infraspinatous fossa | infraspinatous muscle |
| located posterior at the lateral border of the body of the scapula | teres minor muscle |
| the tendons of muscles that are referred to as the rotator cuff, attach to the following four insertion sites: | greater and lesser tuberosity of the humerus, coracoid process of the scapula, and acromion process of the scapula |
| what type of imaging enhances soft tissue structures and is the modality of choice when looking for rotator cuff tears of the shoulder joint? | MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) |
| the triangular muscle of the shoulder that forms the rounded flesh of the lateral part of the upper arm | deltoid muscle |
| the wide end of the triangle is attached to the ______ anteriorly and the ______ ______ posteriorly | clavicle; scapular spine |
| the apex of the triangle of the deltoid muscle attaches to the shaft of the humerus at the ________ ________ | deltoid tuberosity |
| the prominent muscle on the anterior side of the humerus | biceps brachii |
| the biceps brachii originates in what two places? | glenoid cavity (long head) and corocoid process of the scapula (short head) |
| the long head of the biceps tendon rests in the _________ groove between the greater and lesser tuberosities | intertubercular |
| the short head of the biceps tendon arises from corocoid process of the scapula and with the long head attaches to the _______ tuberosity on the proximal shaft of radius | radial |
| there are ____ bursae associated with the shoulder joint, the most of any joint in the body. | 8 |
| synovial fluid filled sacs which relieve pressure and reduce friction in tissue | bursae |
| partial dislocation | subluxation |
| dislocation | complete disruption of joint |
| the majority of shoulder dislocations are _______ | anterior |
| because the glenoid fossa is shallow, the shoulder joint has great freedom of movement but is also more prone to _______ and ________. | subluxation and dislocation |
| what is primarily performed for the evaluation of partial or complete tears of the rotator cuff? | shoulder arthrogram |
| when doing a shoulder arthrogram, after contrast medium is injected into the joint under fluoroscopy, the patient is transported to either which two places? | CT or MR section of radiology for imaging |
| adhesive capsulitis | frozen shoulder (clinical symptom of a rotator cuff tear) |
| when the hand is supinated, the humerus is in _______ rotation | external |
| what is in profile in an AP projection with external rotation of the humerus? | the greater tuberosity |
| when the hand is placed with the palm against the hip, the humerus is in _______rotation | neutral |
| when the humerus is in neutral rotation, the greater tuberosity rotates medially and is superimposed on the ______ of the ________ | head of the humerus |
| when the humerus is in neutral rotation is the greater or lesser tuberosity in profile? | neither the greater or lesser tuberosities are in profile |
| when the posterior aspect of the hand is placed against the hip or the elbow is in the lateral position, the humerus is in ________ rotation | internal |
| when the humerus is in internal rotation, in an AP projection, what is in profile? | the lesser tuberosity rotates medially toward the shoulder joint and is in profile |
| What are the two routine projections for the shoulder? | non-trauma and trauma |
| non trauma routine projections will include two or more of which projections? | AP-internal rotation AP external rotation 45 degree oblique-grashey method inferosuperior-axillary position (superoinferior axillary as alternative) |
| what is the standard kV and mAs for a routine non-trauma projection? | 70 kV and 10-16 mAs |
| routine projections for AC joints include: | AP-without weights AP-with weights |
| AP Projection _______ _______ is only performed if requested by the radiologist/physician | with weights |
Created by:
teresachristensen
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