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AP 1 - Lecture 10
Anatomy & Positioning - Humerus
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the distal end of the humerus forms the elbow joint by its articulations with the? | radius and ulna |
| the distal humerus consists of? | two condyles, two epicondyles, and 3 fossa |
| the two condyles of the distal humerus are the? | capitellum and trochlea |
| a small rounded process located on the lateral side of the humerus | capitellum or capitulum |
| the capitellum articulates with what in extension? | head of radius |
| a spool shaped structure which articulates with the half moon shaped semilunar notch of the ulna, allowing the elbow joint to flex and extend as a hinge joint | trochlea |
| the smooth depressed center portion of the trochlea | trochlear sulcus or groove |
| the two epicondyles on the distal humerus | lateral and medial epicondyles |
| a small process above the capitellum on the lateral side of the distal humerus | lateral epicondyle |
| is palpable and is a larger process above the trochlea on the medial side of the distal humerus | medial epicondyle |
| the three fossa on the distal humerus which accommodate structures of the radius and ulna in flexion and extension | radial fossa, coronoid fossa, and olecranon fossa |
| a ditch or depression on the anterior surface of the distal humerus above the trochlea | coronoid fossa |
| accommodates the coronoid process of the ulna in flexion | coronoid fossa |
| a ditch or depression on the anterior surface of the distal humerus above the capitellum | radial fossa |
| accommodates the head of radius in flexion | radial fossa |
| a deep ditch on the posterior surface of the distal humerus | olecranon fossa |
| articulates with the olecranon process of ulna in extension | olecranon fossa |
| the ______ of the humerus is flattened distally, becoming more rounded as it ascends proximally | shaft |
| a rough ridge of bone at mid-shaft where the deltoid muscle attaches | deltoid tuberosity |
| located medial to deltoid is the radial ______ for the passage of the radial ______ to the forearm | groove; nerve |
| the proximal humerus consists of: | -head -two necks -two tuberosities -a groove between the tuberosities |
| the superior expanded portion of the proximal humerus which is smooth and rounded | head of the humerus |
| what does the head of the humerus articulate with to form a ball and socket joint? | the glenoid fossa of the scapula |
| the ball and socket joint allows what movements? | flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, circumduction, and rotation |
| what are the two necks of the humerus? | the anatomical neck and the surgical neck |
| a slightly constricted ridge of bone directly below the head of the humerus, lying in an oblique plane | the anatomical neck |
| the locating of the epiphyseal plate of the humerus until ossification occurs | the anatomical neck |
| the tapered area below the head of the proximal humerus, named because it is commonly fractured and requires surgery | surgical neck |
| the two tuberosities of the proximal humerus | greater tubercle or tuberosity and the lesser tubercle or tuberosity |
| a large bony prominence on the lateral border of the humerus, below the anatomical neck | greater tuberosity |
| The greater tuberosity consists of three ridges for the attachment of three of the four muscles and tendons of the what? | rotator cuff |
| the greater tuberosity consists of three ridges for the attachment of what 3 of 4 muscles of the rotator cuff? 1. anterior: 2. middle: 3. posterior: | 1. supraspinatous muscle 2. infraspinatous muscle 3. teres minor muscle |
| a small anterior and medial prominence below the anatomical neck | lesser tuberosity |
| the lesser tuberosity is the attachment site for what? (one of the anterior muscle of the rotator cuff) | tendon of the subscapularis muscle |
| between the greater and lesser tuberosities is a deep furrow called? | intertubercular or bicipital groove |
| the ______ tendon lies within the bicipital groove and descends along the shaft to attach the ______ tuberosity distally | biceps; radial |
| the joint formed by the head of the humerus and glenoid fossa of the scapula allows for rotation of the upper extremity | ball and socket |
| when the hand is supinated, the humerus in ______ rotation | external |
| the ______ ______ is in profile in an AP Projection with external rotation | greater tuberosity |
| when the hand is placed with the palm against the hip, the humerus is in ______ ______. The greater tuberosity rotates ______ and is _________ on the head of the humerus, neither the ______ or ______ tuberosities are in profile | neutral rotation: medially; superimposed; greater or lesser |
| when the posterior aspect of the hand is placed against the hip or the elbow is in the lateral position, the humerus is in ______ rotation. The ______ tuberosity rotates ______ toward the shoulder joint and is in profile in an AP Projection. | internal; lesser; medially |
| the two routine projections of the humerus? | -Non trauma when the patient has pain and no occured injury -Trauma when the patient has had physical injury to the upper arm |
| Non trauma routine projections of the humerus | AP with external rotation and lateral with internal rotation |
| Trauma routine projections of the humerus | AP- neutral position PA- lateral with elbow flexed Transthoracic lateral- lawrence method |
Created by:
teresachristensen
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