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Modules 23-25

TermDefinition
Alpha waves the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state
Circadian rhythm the biological clock; regular bodily rhythms (temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a 24-hour cycle
Delta waves the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep
Hallucinations false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an internal visual stimulus
NREM sleep nonrapid eye movement sleep; encompasses all sleep stages except for REM sleep
REM sleep (paradoxical sleep) rapid eye movement; a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. The muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active
Sleep periodic, natural loss of consciousness
Superachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) a pair of cell clusters in the hypothalamus that controls the circadian rhythm. In response to light, the SCN causes the pineal gland to adjust melatonin production, thus modifying our feelings of sleepiness.
Dream a sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind
Insomnia recurring problems in falling or staying asleep
Latent content according to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream
Manifest content the remembered story line of a dream
Narcolepsy a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks
Night terrors a sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified
REM rebound the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation
Sleep apnea a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings
Addiction compulsive craving of drugs or certain behaviors despite known adverse consequences
Alcohol use disorder Alcohol use marked by tolerance, withdrawal, and a drive to continue problematic use
Amphetamines drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes
Barbiturates drugs that depress central nervous system activity, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement.
Cocaine a powerful and addictive stimulant, derived from the cocoa plant, producing temporarily increased alertness and euphoria
Depressants drugs such as (alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions
Ecstasy (MDMA) a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and long-term harm to serotonin producing neurons and to mood and cognition
Hallucinogens psychedelic drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of a sensory input
LSD a powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid (lysergic acid diethylamide)
Methamphetamine a powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with speeded-up body functions and association energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels
Near-death experience an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death; often similar to drug-induced hallucinations
Nicotine a stimulating and highly addictive psychoactive drug in tobacco
Opiates opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety
Psychoactive drug a chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods
Stimulants drugs such as (caffeine, nicotine, more powerful amphetamines, cocaine, ecstasy, and methamphetamine) that excite neural activity and speed up bodily functions
Substance use disorder continued substance craving and use despite significant life disruption and/or physical risk
THC the major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations
Tolerance the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect
Withdrawal the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing and addictive drug or behavior
Created by: margaret_05
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