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Med Terms Ch 11
Terminology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| mouth | opening through which food passes into the body |
| tongue | consists mostly of skeletal muscle; attached in the posterior region of the mouth |
| palate | separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity |
| soft palate | posterior portion, not supported by bone |
| hard palate | anterior portion, supported by bone |
| uvula | soft V-shaped structure that extends from the soft palate; directs food into throat |
| pharynx | performs the swallowing action that passes food from the mouth into the esophagus (throat) |
| esophagus | 10-inch tube that is a passageway for food extending from the pharynx to the stomach |
| cardia | area around the opening of the esophagus |
| fundus | proximal domes portion of the stomach |
| body | central portion of the stomach, distal to the fundus |
| antrum | distal portion of the stomach |
| pylorus | portion of the stomach that connects to the small intestine |
| pyloric sphincter | ring of muscle that guards the opening between the stomach and the duodenum |
| small intestine | 20-foot tube extending from the pyloric sphincter to the large intestine |
| duodenum | first 10 to 12 inches of the small intestine |
| jejunum | second portion of the small intestine, approximately 8 feet long |
| ileum | third portion of the small intestine, approximately 11 long, which connects with the large intestine |
| large intestine | approximately 5 feet long tube that extends from the ileum to the anus |
| cecum | U-shaped pouch that is the first portion of the large intestine |
| colon | main portion of the large intestine, divided into 4 parts. |
| rectum | distal portion of the large intestine, approximately 8 to 10 inches long. |
| anus | sphincter muscle (ringlike band of muscle fiber that keeps an opening tight) at the end of the gastrointestinal tract |
| salivary glands | produce saliva |
| liver | produces bile |
| biliary tract | organs and ducts (passageways) that transport, store and release bile |
| bile ducts | passageways that carry bile |
| common bile duct | small tubelike structure where the hepatic duct and cystic duct join |
| gallbladder | small saclike structure that stores bile |
| pancreas | produces pancreatic juice |
| peritoneum | serous sac like lining of the abdominal and pelvic cavities |
| appendix | small pouch which has no known function in digestion |
| abdomen | portion of the body between the thorax and the pelvis |
| appendicitis | inflammation of the appendix |
| cheilitis | inflammation of the lips |
| cholangioma | tumor of the bile duct |
| cholecystitis | inflammation of the gallbladder |
| choledocholithiasis | condition of stones in the common bile duct |
| cholelithiasis | condition of gallstones |
| colitis | inflammation of the colon |
| diverticulitis | inflammation of the diverticulum |
| diverticulosis | abnormal condition of having diverticula |
| dysentery | painful intestines |
| enteritis | inflammation of the intestines |
| enteropathy | disease of the intestines |
| esophagitis | inflammation of the esophagus |
| gastritis | inflammation of the stomach |
| gastroenteritis | inflammation of the stomach and intestines |
| gingivitis | inflammation of the gums |
| glossitis | inflammation of the tongue |
| hepatitis | inflammation of the liver |
| hepatoma | tumor of the liver |
| pancreatitis | inflammation of the pancreas |
| peritonitis | inflammation of the peritoneum |
| polyposis | abnormal condition of (multiple) polyps |
| proctitis | inflammation of the rectum |
| rectocele | hernia of the rectum |
| sialolith | stone in the salivary gland |
| steatohepatitis | inflammation of the liver associated with excess fat |
| stomatitis | inflammation of the mouth |
| uvulitis | inflammation of the uvula |
| adhesion | abnormal growing together of two peritoneal surfaces that are normally separated |
| celiac disease | malabsorption syndrome caused by an immune reaction to gluten |
| cirrhosis | chronic disease of the liver with gradual destruction of cells and formation of scar tissue |
| crohn disease | chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract usually affecting the ileum and colon |
| gastroesophageal reflux disease | abnormal backward flow the gastrointestinal contents into the esophagus |
| hemochromatosis | iron metabolism disorder that occurs when too much iron is absorbed from food |
| hemorrhoids | swollen or distended veins in the rectum or anus |
| ileus | nonmechanical obstruction of the intestine, caused by a lack of effective peristalsis |
| intussusception | prolapse of one part of the intestine inside the part next to it |
| irritable bowel syndrome | periodic disturbances of bowel function, such as diarrhea or constipation |
| obesity | excess of body fat |
| peptic ulcer | erosion of the mucous membrane of the stomach or duodenum |
| polyp | tumorlike growth extending outward from a mucous membrane |
| ulcerative colitis | disease characterized by inflammation of the colon |
| volvulus | twisting or kinking of the intestine causing intestinal obstruction |
| abdominocentesis | surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from the abdominal cavity |
| abdominoplasty | surgical repair of the abdomen |
| anoplasty | surgical repair of the abdomen |
| antrectomy | excision of the antrum |
| appendectomy | excision of the appendix |
| cheiloplasty | surgical repair of the lip |
| cholecystectomy | excision of the gallbladder |
| choledocholithotomy | incision into the common bile duct |
| colectomy | excision of the colon |
| colostomy | creation of an artificial opening into the colon wall |
| diverticulectomy | excision of a diverticulum |
| enterorrhaphy | suturing of the small intestine |
| esophagogastroplasty | surgical repair of the esophagus and the stomach |
| gastrectomy | excision of the stomach or part of the stomach |
| gastrojejunostomy | creation of an artificial opening between the stomach and the jejunum |
| gastroplasty | surgical repair of the stomach |
| gastrostomy | creation of an artificial opening into the stomach |
| gingivectomy | surgical removal of gum tissue |
| glossorrhaphy | suturing of the tongue |
| hemicolectomy | excision of half of the colon |
| herniorrhaphy | suturing of a hernia (for repair) |
| ileostomy | creation of an artificial opening into the ileum |
| laparotomy | incision into the abdominal cavity |
| palatoplasty | surgical repair of the palate |
| pancreatectomy | excision of the pancreas |
| polypectomy | excision of a polyp |
| pyloroplasty | surgical repair of the pylorus |
| uvulectomy | excision of the uvula |
| uvulopalatopharyngoplasty | surgical repair of the uvula, palate, and pharynx |
Created by:
teresachristensen
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