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Parts of the brain
Modules 11-12
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| EEG | electroencephalogram; records brain's electrical activity, as in a sleep study |
| CT scan | x-ray; shows physical structure of the brain |
| MRI | magnetic resonance imagery; uses magnetic fields and radio waves to show structure of the brain in greater detail than CT scan |
| PET scan | shows where glucose is being used in the brain |
| lesion | tissue destruction, can show us which parts of the brain are responsible for which functions |
| fMRI | shows blood flow in the brain |
| brainstem | made up of the pons, medulla, reticular formation, and thalamus |
| pons | responsible for sleep/wake arousal |
| reticular formation | neural network inside of the pons |
| thalamus | Top of the brainstem. Sensory relay--all sensory information except smell passes through here en route to the sensory cortex |
| medulla | controls heartbeat and breathing |
| cerebellum | "little brain"; located at rear of brainstem, controls motor movement, balance, and nonverbal learning |
| limbic system | includes hypothalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala--largely responsible for emotions and drives |
| amygdala | bean-shaped clusters in the limbic system, linked to emotion |
| hippocampus | processes explicit memories |
| hypothalamus | part of the limbic system. Responsible for maintenance activities, the body's thermostat (hunger, thirst, sleep, sex) |
| frontal lobes | lobe responsible for speaking, muscle movements, decision-making. Believed to be where our personality is housed. Last to develop |
| parietal lobes | located on top of head. contain somatosensory and motor cortexes |
| occipital lobes | lobe located in back of head. processes vision from opposite visual field |
| temporal lobes | lobe located by ears; processes auditory information, primarily from the opposite ear |
| (somato)sensory cortex | front of the parietal lobes, registers and processes bodily touch and movement sensations |
| Phineas Gage | Famous case study--iron rod went through his frontal lobe, demonstrated significant personality and impulse control changes |
| plasticity | ability of the brain to repair itself and form new neural pathways around damged areas |
| hemispherectomy | removing one hemisphere of the brain. Typically done in severe seizure disorders |
| corpus callosum | thick band of fibers connecting the two hemispheres of the brain. Can be severed in seizure disorders (split brain studies) |
| Michael Gazzaniga | scientist famous for split brain studies |
Created by:
ashley_yang
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