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AP 1 - Lecture 12

anatomy and positioning of the scapula

TermDefinition
The ______ is a triangular shaped bone which lies against the upper posterolateral chest wall between the ___ and ___ ribs Scapula; 2nd and 7th
the scapula is connected to the trunk of the body by what? muscles (no direct bony contact with the thorax)
with the clavicle, the scapula forms the what? shoulder girdle
the scapula is classified as what type of bone? flat bone
what does the scapula consist of? three borders three angles two surfaces two processes
the three borders of the scapula include the what? 1. vertebral/medial border 2. axillary/lateral border 3. superior border
border of the scapula which lies parallel to the vertebral column closest to the midline of the body vertebral/medial border
border of the scapula which lies adjacent to the axilla or arm pit axillary/lateral border
border of the scapula which is the short upper margin, extending between vertebral and axillary borders superior border
the superior border of the scapula ends in a deep depression at the lateral or humeral end called the? scapular notch
the three angles created by the three borders of the scapula include the? 1. superior/medial angle 2. lateral angle 3. inferior angle
the angle of the scapula that is formed by the junction of the superior and vertebral borders superior/medial angle
the angle of the scapula that is formed by the junction of the superior and axillary borders, ending at the glenoid fossa lateral angle
referred to as the head of the scapula lateral angle
the angle of the scapula that is formed by the junction of the axillary and vertebral borders inferior angle
the anterior surface of the scapula is termed the ______ surface because of its close proximity to the ribs costal
the anterior surface of the scapula consists of the: body and subscapular fossa
the slightly concave triangular portion of the anterior scapular surface is called the? body
a deep depression on the mid area of the body, almost entirely filled with subscapularis muscle (anterior scapular surface) subscapular fossa
on the lateral margin of the anterior surface of the scapula is a shallow oval concavity called the ______ ______ glenoid fossa
the glenoid fossa articulates with the head of the humerus to form the ________ joint, classified as a ______ ___ ______ joint glenohumeral; ball and socket
medial and inferior to glenoid fossa is the: neck of scapula
the posterior surface of the scapula is divided into superior and inferior sections by a large ridge of bone called the: scapular spine (lies transverse across back, palpable on most people)
the posterior border of the scapular spine is somewhat thickened and termed the: crest of the spine
the scapular spine of the scapula separates the posterior surface into two deep depressions called the: -supraspinatous fossa -infraspinatous fossa
lies superior to the scapular spine and accommodates the supraspinatous muscle supraspinatous fossa
lies inferior to the scapular spine and accommodates the infraspinatous muscle infraspinatous fossa
the muscles that attach to the scapula posteriourly 1. teres major 2. teres minor
which muscle arises from posterior interior angle to the lesser tuberosity of humerus? teres major
which muscle arises from the axillary border and attaches to the greater tuberosity of the humerus? teres minor
what type of movements does the teres major muscle allow? adduction, extension, and medial rotation for the shoulder joint - not part of the rotator cuff
what movement does the teres minor muscle allow? it allows the humerus to rotate laterally - a part of the rotator cuff
what are the two processes on the scapula? 1. coracoid process 2. acromion process
anterior beak-like process just lateral to the scapular notch coracoid process
posterior process at the end of the scapular spine acromion process
serves as an attachment site for muscles of the humerus, which allow flexion and adduction movements of the arm coracoid process
articulates with the clavicle to form the acromioclavicular joint acromion process
when viewed from a lateral perspective, the scapula resembles which letter? Y
what forms the upper extensions of the "Y"? the coracoid and acromion processes
what forms the lower vertical portion of the "Y"? the body of the scapula
the transcapular "Y" lateral projection of the shoulder is useful for evaluating what? dislocations
the head of the humerus normally lies within glenoid fossa, if there is an anterior dislocation, the head of the humerus will lie under what? the coracoid process
if there is a posterior dislocation, the head of the humerus will lie under the? acromion process
scapula trauma and abnormalities are ______ and extremely ______ rare; painful
whenever possible, perform projections of the scapula in an ______ position so that the patient does not have to lie on the injury upright
routine projections of the scapula: AP and lateral
SID for a routine projection of the scapula with the tube placed in what position to the upright bucky? 40 inch; horizontal
exposure factors-scapula: AEC: ______ Manual exposure factors: AP projection: ______ mAs Lateral projection: ______ mAs AEC: center photocell AP Projection: 16-20 mAs Lateral Projection: 25-30 mAs
10x12 image receptor for a projection of the scapula is placed in what direction? lengthwise
how to center the scapula in an AP projection of the scapula? the affected scapula is centered to the midline of the bucky - center 2 inches inferior to the coracoid process
image receptor placement for an AP projection of the scapula? 1-2 inches above the top of the shoulder
why do we have the patient raise and abduct the affected arm at right angles with the body when doing an AP projection of the scapula?
where is the central ray directed when taking an AP projection of the scapula? perpendicular to the mid-scapula approximately 2 inches inferior to the corocoid process or the level of axilla
what is respiration on an AP projection of the clavicle and why? breath is held on inspiration to prevent motion (or use breathing technique to blur ribs and lung markings overlying scapula)
what must be included in an AP projection of the scapula? -from the acromion process to the inferior angle -lateral portion of scapula free of superimposition from the ribs -body of scapula parallel with no obliquity -arm abducted 90 degrees from the body
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