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AP 1 - Lecture 12
anatomy and positioning of the scapula
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| The ______ is a triangular shaped bone which lies against the upper posterolateral chest wall between the ___ and ___ ribs | Scapula; 2nd and 7th |
| the scapula is connected to the trunk of the body by what? | muscles (no direct bony contact with the thorax) |
| with the clavicle, the scapula forms the what? | shoulder girdle |
| the scapula is classified as what type of bone? | flat bone |
| what does the scapula consist of? | three borders three angles two surfaces two processes |
| the three borders of the scapula include the what? | 1. vertebral/medial border 2. axillary/lateral border 3. superior border |
| border of the scapula which lies parallel to the vertebral column closest to the midline of the body | vertebral/medial border |
| border of the scapula which lies adjacent to the axilla or arm pit | axillary/lateral border |
| border of the scapula which is the short upper margin, extending between vertebral and axillary borders | superior border |
| the superior border of the scapula ends in a deep depression at the lateral or humeral end called the? | scapular notch |
| the three angles created by the three borders of the scapula include the? | 1. superior/medial angle 2. lateral angle 3. inferior angle |
| the angle of the scapula that is formed by the junction of the superior and vertebral borders | superior/medial angle |
| the angle of the scapula that is formed by the junction of the superior and axillary borders, ending at the glenoid fossa | lateral angle |
| referred to as the head of the scapula | lateral angle |
| the angle of the scapula that is formed by the junction of the axillary and vertebral borders | inferior angle |
| the anterior surface of the scapula is termed the ______ surface because of its close proximity to the ribs | costal |
| the anterior surface of the scapula consists of the: | body and subscapular fossa |
| the slightly concave triangular portion of the anterior scapular surface is called the? | body |
| a deep depression on the mid area of the body, almost entirely filled with subscapularis muscle (anterior scapular surface) | subscapular fossa |
| on the lateral margin of the anterior surface of the scapula is a shallow oval concavity called the ______ ______ | glenoid fossa |
| the glenoid fossa articulates with the head of the humerus to form the ________ joint, classified as a ______ ___ ______ joint | glenohumeral; ball and socket |
| medial and inferior to glenoid fossa is the: | neck of scapula |
| the posterior surface of the scapula is divided into superior and inferior sections by a large ridge of bone called the: | scapular spine (lies transverse across back, palpable on most people) |
| the posterior border of the scapular spine is somewhat thickened and termed the: | crest of the spine |
| the scapular spine of the scapula separates the posterior surface into two deep depressions called the: | -supraspinatous fossa -infraspinatous fossa |
| lies superior to the scapular spine and accommodates the supraspinatous muscle | supraspinatous fossa |
| lies inferior to the scapular spine and accommodates the infraspinatous muscle | infraspinatous fossa |
| the muscles that attach to the scapula posteriourly | 1. teres major 2. teres minor |
| which muscle arises from posterior interior angle to the lesser tuberosity of humerus? | teres major |
| which muscle arises from the axillary border and attaches to the greater tuberosity of the humerus? | teres minor |
| what type of movements does the teres major muscle allow? | adduction, extension, and medial rotation for the shoulder joint - not part of the rotator cuff |
| what movement does the teres minor muscle allow? | it allows the humerus to rotate laterally - a part of the rotator cuff |
| what are the two processes on the scapula? | 1. coracoid process 2. acromion process |
| anterior beak-like process just lateral to the scapular notch | coracoid process |
| posterior process at the end of the scapular spine | acromion process |
| serves as an attachment site for muscles of the humerus, which allow flexion and adduction movements of the arm | coracoid process |
| articulates with the clavicle to form the acromioclavicular joint | acromion process |
| when viewed from a lateral perspective, the scapula resembles which letter? | Y |
| what forms the upper extensions of the "Y"? | the coracoid and acromion processes |
| what forms the lower vertical portion of the "Y"? | the body of the scapula |
| the transcapular "Y" lateral projection of the shoulder is useful for evaluating what? | dislocations |
| the head of the humerus normally lies within glenoid fossa, if there is an anterior dislocation, the head of the humerus will lie under what? | the coracoid process |
| if there is a posterior dislocation, the head of the humerus will lie under the? | acromion process |
| scapula trauma and abnormalities are ______ and extremely ______ | rare; painful |
| whenever possible, perform projections of the scapula in an ______ position so that the patient does not have to lie on the injury | upright |
| routine projections of the scapula: | AP and lateral |
| SID for a routine projection of the scapula with the tube placed in what position to the upright bucky? | 40 inch; horizontal |
| exposure factors-scapula: AEC: ______ Manual exposure factors: AP projection: ______ mAs Lateral projection: ______ mAs | AEC: center photocell AP Projection: 16-20 mAs Lateral Projection: 25-30 mAs |
| 10x12 image receptor for a projection of the scapula is placed in what direction? | lengthwise |
| how to center the scapula in an AP projection of the scapula? | the affected scapula is centered to the midline of the bucky - center 2 inches inferior to the coracoid process |
| image receptor placement for an AP projection of the scapula? | 1-2 inches above the top of the shoulder |
| why do we have the patient raise and abduct the affected arm at right angles with the body when doing an AP projection of the scapula? | |
| where is the central ray directed when taking an AP projection of the scapula? | perpendicular to the mid-scapula approximately 2 inches inferior to the corocoid process or the level of axilla |
| what is respiration on an AP projection of the clavicle and why? | breath is held on inspiration to prevent motion (or use breathing technique to blur ribs and lung markings overlying scapula) |
| what must be included in an AP projection of the scapula? | -from the acromion process to the inferior angle -lateral portion of scapula free of superimposition from the ribs -body of scapula parallel with no obliquity -arm abducted 90 degrees from the body |
Created by:
teresachristensen
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