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Med Terms - Ch. 9
Terminology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Gamete | mature germ cell, either sperm or ovum |
| conception | beginning of pregnancy |
| zygote | cell formed by the union of the sperm and the ovum |
| embryo | unborn offspring in the stage of development from implantation of zygote to the end of the 8th week of pregnancy |
| fetus | unborn offspring from the beginning of the ninth week of pregnancy until birth |
| gestation | development of a new individual from conception to birth |
| gestation period | duration of pregnancy |
| implantation | embedding of the zygote in the uterine lining |
| placenta | structure that grows on the wall of the uterus during pregnancy and allows for nourishment of the fetus |
| amniotic sac | membranous bag that surrounds the fetus before delivery |
| chorion | outermost layer of the fetal membrane |
| amnion | innermost layer of the fetal membrane |
| amniotic fluid | fluid within the amniotic sac, which surrounds the fetus |
| umbilicus | navel (belly button); marks the site of attachment of the umbilical cord to the fetus |
| amnionitis | inflammation of the amnion |
| chorioamnionitis | inflammation of the chorion and amnion |
| choriocarcinoma | cancerous tumor of the chorion |
| dystocia | difficult labor |
| hysterorrhexis | rupture of the uterus |
| oligohydramnios | scanty amnion water |
| polyhydramnios | much amnion water |
| pseudocyesis | false pregnancy |
| abortion | termination of pregnancy by the expulsion from the uterus of an embryo or fetus before viability, usually 20 weeks of gestation |
| abruptio placentae | premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall |
| eclampsia | severe complication and progression of preeclampsia characterized by compulsion |
| ectopic pregnancy | pregnancy occurring outside the uterus, commonly in the fallopian tubes |
| placenta previa | abnormally low implantation of the placenta on the uterine wall completely or partially covering the cervix |
| preeclampsia | abnormal condition encountered during pregnancy or shortly after delivery |
| microcephalus | fetus with a very small head |
| omphalitis | inflammation of the umbilicus |
| omphalocele | hernia at the umbilicus (a part of the intestine protrudes through the abdominal wall at birth) |
| pyloric stenosis | narrowing pertaining to the pyloric sphincter |
| tracheoesophageal fistula | abnormal passageway pertaining to the trachea and esophagus |
| cleft lip or palate | congenital split of the lip or roof of the mouth, one or both may be present |
| coarctation of the aorta | congenital stenosis (narrowing) that occurs in the arch of the aorta |
| congenital cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection | herpes type virus that crosses the placenta |
| congenital heart disease | heart abnormality present at birth |
| down syndrome | genetic condition caused by chromosomal abnormality; extra 21st chromosome |
| erythroblastosis fetalis | condition of the newborn characterized by hemolysis of the erythrocytes |
| esophageal atresia | congenital absence of part of the esophagus |
| fetal alcohol syndrome | condition caused by excessive alcohol consumption by the mother during pregnancy |
| gastroschisis | congenital fissure of the abdominal wall that is not at the umbilicus |
| stenosis | to narrow |
| respiratory distress syndrome (rds) | respiratory complication in the newborn, especially in premature infants |
| spina bifida | congenital defect in the vertebral column caused by the failure of the vertebral arch to close |
| amniotomy | incision into the amnion |
| episiotomy | incision into the vulva |
| cervical cerclage | suturing the cervix closed to prevent dilation and premature delivery |
| cesarean section | birth of a fetus through an incision in the mother's abdomen and uterus |
| in vitro fertilization (ivf) | method of fertilizing human ova outside the body and placing zygote into the uterus |
| amniocentesis | surgical puncture to aspirate amniotic fluid |
| pelvic sonography | pertaining to the pelvis, process of recording sound |
| nuchal translucency screening | ultrasound test to check the back of the fetal neck for extra fluid or thickening |
| quad screen | blood test performed during the second trimester measuring four hormone levels that can reveal an increased risk of certain disorders in the developing fetus |
| apgar score | system for rapid neonatal assessment at 1 and 5 minutes after birth |
| chorionic villus sampling (cvs) | prenatal test that takes a sample of the area of bloody supply in the placenta either through the abdominal wall or the vagina |
| amniorrhea | discharge (escape) of amniotic fluid |
| amniorrhexis | rupture of the amnion |
| lactorrhea | (spontaneous) discharge of milk |
| antepartum | before childbirth |
| gravida | pregnant |
| gravidopuerperal | pertaining to pregnancy and childbirth |
| intrapartum | withing (during) labor and childbirth |
| lactogenic | producing milk (by stimulation) |
| multigravida | many pregnancies (a woman who has been pregnant two or more times) |
| multipara | many births (to two or more viable offspring) |
| nulligravida | no pregnancies |
| nullipara | no births |
| para | birth |
| postpartum | after childbirth |
| primigravida | first pregnancy |
| primipara | first birth |
| puerperal | pertaining to (immediately after) childbirth |
| colostrum | thin, milky fluid secreted by the breast during pregnancy and during the first days after birth |
| lochia | vaginal discharge after birth |
| quickening | first feeling of movement of the fetus in utero by the pregnant woman |
| midwife | individual who practices midwifery |
| midwifery | practice of assisting in childbirth |
| obstetrician | physician who specializes in obstetrics |
| obstetrics | medical specialty dealing with pregnancy, childbirth, and puerperium |
| breech presentation | birth position in which the buttocks, feet, or knees emerge first |
| cephalic presentation | birth position in which any part of the head emerges first. the most common presentation |
| in vitro | outside the body or in a lab setting |
| in vivo | within the living body |
| lactation | secretion of milk |
| parturition | act of giving birth |
| puerperium | period from delivery until the reproductive organs return to normal |
| neonatologist | physician who studies and treats disorders of the newborn |
| neonatology | study of the newborn |
| teratology | study of malformations |
| fetal | pertaining to the fetus |
| natal | pertaining to birth |
| neonate | new birth |
| postnatal | pertaining to after birth |
| prenatal | pertaining to before birth |
| teratogen | (any agent) producing malformations in the developing embryo |
| teratogenic | producing malformations |
| congenital anomaly | abnormality present at birth |
| meconium | first stool of the newborn |
| gavage | process of feeding through a tube, used for critically ill newborns |
| premature infant | infant born before completing 37 weeks of gestation |
| stillborn | born dead |
Created by:
teresachristensen
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