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APP Unit V + Enrich
Modules 22-25 + Module 81 Sleep.Dreams, and Drugs
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| consciousness | Our awareness of ourselves and our environment |
| circadian rhythm | Your regular 24 hour sleep/wake cycle. Most people it follows the sun |
| insomnia | Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep |
| narcolepsy | sleep disorder that causes uncontrollable sleep attacks. Sufferer may fall into REM sleep often during wrong times. |
| sleep apnea | sleep disorder that causes temporary breathing problems during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings |
| night terrors | sleep disorder that causes high arousal and an appearance of being terrified. Occurs during NREM-3 sleep and are not often remembered. |
| manifest content | Remembering the story line of a dream |
| latent content | The underlying meaning of the dream |
| hypnosis | A social interaction in which the subject responds to the hypnotist's suggestions that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur |
| psychoactive drugs | substances that affect mental processes, perception, consciousness, cognition or mood and emotions. |
| tolerance | The diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring user take larger and larger doses before experiencing drug’s effect |
| withdrawal | The discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing and addictive drug behavior |
| nicotine | A stimulating and highly addictive psychoactive drug in tobacco |
| (Meth) methamphetamine | A powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with speeded up bodily functions and associated energy and mood changes Over time appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels |
| ecstasy | Synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin procuding neurons and to mood and cognition |
| opiates/narcotics | Depress neural functioning. Stops producing endorphins. (Pupils constrict, breathing slows, and lethargy sets in as blissful pleasure replaces pain and anxiety.) Craving for another fix, need larger doses and extreme discomfort of withdrawal. |
| LSD | A powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid (lysergic acid diethylamide) |
| near-death experiences | Altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (such as by cardiac arrest); often similar to drug-induced hallucinations |
| hypnosis therapy | Hypnotherapists try to help patients harness their own healing powers Posthypnotic suggestions have helped alleviate headaches, asthma, and stress-related skin disorders |
| hypnosis when forgetting events | Hypnosis cannot make us forget events. Brain permanently store some of our experiences, and we may be unable to retrieve some memories we have stored. |
| hypnosis with no consent | Researchers have induced hypnotized people to perform an apparently dangerous act. Later, these people emphatically denied their acts and said they would never follow such orders. |
| hypnosis relieving pain | Can relieve pain or decrease amount of pain. |
| Alpha Waves | the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state |
| Delta Waves | the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep |
| NREM | LIGHT SLEEP. non-rapid eye movement sleep; encompasses all sleep stages except for (4th stage) REM sleep. |
| REM (Paradoxical Sleep) | DEEP SLEEP. Rapid eye movement sleep; recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Even though eyes dance and move, your muscles stay relaxed and you cannot be easily awakened. |
| Sleep Deprivation Effects | Fatigue, Lethargic (Sleepy), drained of energy and feelings of well-being. Causes slow reactions and increases errors on visual attention tasks. More accident prone |
| 5 Theories of Dreams | 1. To satisfy our own wishes 2. To file away memories 3. To develop and preserve neural pathways 4. To make sense of neural static 5. To mature/reflect cognitive development |
| Depressants | Drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions |
| Main Depressants | alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) |
| Stimulants | Drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and more powerful amphetamines, cocaine, Ecstasy, and methamphetamine) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions |
| Main Stimulants | Caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, cocaine, ecstasy, and meth |
| Hallucinogens | Psychedelic (mind-manifesting_ drugs, such as LSD that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in absence of sensory input |
| Main Hallucinogens | LSD |
| Events that Disrupt Circadian Rhythm (Biological Clock) | Having a job with highly irregular hours, example a medical intern, can mess with your circaidan rythm If you live in a box with no clocks or windows, you would actually have a 25 hour cycle |
| Melatonin | Hormone most closely related to one's sleep patterns |
| Sleep Stage 1 | Light sleep. Theta Waves - Low voltage images resembling hallucinations. May feel like falling or floating weightlessly, called hypnagogic sensations. They have no sensory stimulus. Similar to alpha waves of awake state |
| Sleep Stage 2 | Deeper Sleep. Sleep spindles where experiencing sleep spindles happen on EEG which are bursts of brain activity |
| Sleep Stage 3 | Deepest NREM Sleep. Delta waves - low frequency, highest amplitude. If awoken here, very confused and disoriented. Takes about 1 hour to get here the first time. Stage 4 lessens as night wears on. |
| Sleep Stage 4 | REM. Similar to beta waves - fast frequency and low amplitude. Similar to brain waves during wakefulness. you detour to REM Sleep where you do your most vivid dreaming and most of your dreaming altogether |
Created by:
RosRae
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