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SocPsych Theme 5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| prejudice | negative emotional response or dislike based on group membership (affective component) |
| discrimination | differential treatment based on group membership (behavioral component) |
| stereotyping | beliefs about what members of a social group like (cognitive component) |
| risk averse | people tend to weigh possible losses more heavily than equivalent potential gains |
| gender stereotypes | beliefs concerning the characteristics of women & men |
| glass ceiling | final barrier that prevents women as a group from reaching top positions in the workplace |
| glass cliff effect | women gaining admittance to values leadership positions when a crisis has occurred and there is a greater risk of failure |
| tokenism | where only a few members of a previously excluded group are admitted |
| shifting standards | the same evaluation rating being given to different groups are still influences by stereotypes |
| objective scales | rating where the meaning is the same no matter who they are applied to |
| subjective scales | standards that take on different meaning depending on who they are applied to |
| singlism | the negatives stereotyping & discrimination that is directed toward people who are single |
| subtype | group individuals can be put into when they do not adhere to a stereotype instead of altering it |
| essences | a biological based feature that distinguishes that group from other groups |
| incidental feelings | feelings caused by factors other than the outgroup per se that can generate automatic prejudice |
| causes of prejudice | - threat to self-esteem - competition for resources |
| zero-sum outcomes | if one group gets it the other cannot |
| social identity theory | theory that suggests individuals seek to feel positively about the groups they belong to as part of our self-esteem is derived from these groups |
| identity fusion | the extent to which a person sees the self & their group as overlapping |
| existential threat | threat stemming from anxiety based on our own awareness of mortality |
| modern racism | concealing prejudice from other in public but expressing bigoted attitudes when it is safe to do so |
| bona fide pipeline | a technique that makes use of priming to study implicit or automatically activated racial attitudes |
| collective guilt | an emotional response that people can experience when they perceive their group as responsible for illegitimate wrongdoings |
| moral disengagement | no longer seeing sanctioning as necessary for perpetrating harm |
| social learning view | view that states children acquire negative attitudes toward various social groups because they hear such views expressed by significant others & are rewarded for adopting these views |
| contact hypothesis | racial prejudice being reduced by increased degree of contact between different groups |
| recategorizations | shifts in the boundary between us and them |
| common ingroup identity model | to the extent that individuals who belong to different social groups come to view themselves as members of a single social entity, their attitudes toward each other become more positive |
| white identity management | actively tuning their cognitions concerning whiteness in ways that immunize the self from threat (3Ds) |
| the invisibility thesis | thesis that states that whiteness is important because its invisible |
| procedural color-blindness | color-blindness that implies a lack of race-conscious decision making |
| distributive color-blindness | color-blindness that implies equalizing different racial groups outcomes |
| 3 consequences of ingroup identification | - self-ingroup merging (extent to which group & individuals memory are linked) - ingroup over exclusion (desire to maintain a pure ingroup) - accuracy motivation (desire to determine outgroup & ingroup) |
| meritocratic threat | threat to idea that success was due to merit & not because of position (i.e white identity), occurs when individuals worry they are failing to live up to culturally sacrosanct achievement values |
| group-image threat | occurs when individuals acknowledge membership in a historically oppressive group that reaps undeserved benefits from the social order |
| deny | made for combating meritocratic threat |
| distance | distancing their own self-concepts from the offending social identity |
| dismantle | to embrace policies and behaviors aimed at reducing ingroup privilege |
| the contact hypothesis | intergroup bias substantially reduces via intergroup encounters that, among other things, give rise to a sense of common identity shared by members of both groups |
| benevolent sexism | the belief that women are wonderful, pure, whose live is required to make a man whole |
| Stereotypic (in)accuracy | overestimating stereotypic attributes (English are polite), underestimating counter stereotypic attributes (English are rude) |
| Valence (in)accuracy | misestimating the overall positivity/negativity of the group |
| Dispersion (in)accuracy | misestimating homogeneity |
| Illusory correlation | Small groups are to a greater extent associated with negative events |
Created by:
veda1
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