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Unit 4 terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Social psychology | The study of how our thoughts, feelings, perceptions, and behaviors are influenced by interactions with others |
| Social cognition | The perception, storage, ad retrieval of information about social interactions |
| Physical proximity | The distance of one person to another person |
| Stimulation value | The ability of a person to interest you in or to expose you to new ideas and experiences |
| Utility value | The ability of a person to help another achieve his/her goals |
| Ego-support value | The ability of a per provide another person with sympathy, encouragement, and approval |
| Complementarity | The attraction that often develops between opposite types of people because of the ability of one to supply what other lacks |
| Primacy effect | The tendency to form opinions about others based on first impressions |
| Stereotype | A set of assumptions about people in a given category summarizing our experience and beliefs about groups of people |
| Attribution theory | The process by which we interpret and explain others’ behaviors |
| Fundamental attribution error | An inclination to over attribute others’ behavior to internal causes (dispositional factors) and discount the situational factors contributing to their behavior |
| Self-serving bias | A tendency to claim success is due to our efforts, while failures is due to circumstances beyond our control |
| Nonverbal communication | The process through which messages are conveyed using space, body language, and facial expressions |
| Generational identity | The theory that people of different ages tend to think differently about certain issues because of different formative experiences |
| Group | A collection of people who have shared goals, a degree of interdependence, and some amount of communication |
| Task functions | Activities directed toward getting a job done |
| Social functions | Responses direct toward satisfying the emotional needs of members |
| Ideology | The set of principles, attitudes, and defined objectives for which a group stands |
| Social facilitation | An increase in performance in front of a crowd |
| Social inhibition | A decrease in performance in front of a crowd |
| Group polarization | Theory that group discussion reinforces the majority’s point of view and shifts group members’ opinions to a more extreme position |
| Obedience | A change in attitude or behavior brought about by social pressure to comply with people perceived to be authorities |
| Debriefing | A procedure conducted at the end of an experiment to reveal the details of the study so that participants do not leave feeling confused or upset |
| Catharsis | Releasing anger or aggression by letting out powerful negative emotions |
| Altruism | Helping others, often at a cost or risk, for reasons other than rewards |
| Diffusion of responsibility | The presence of other lessens an individual’s feelings of responsibility for his/her actions or failure to act |
| Bystander effect | An individual does not take action because of the presence of others |
| Social loafing | The tendency to work less hard when sharing the workload with others |
| Deindividuation | Individuals behave irrationally when there is less chance of being personally identified |
| Groupthink | Poor group decision making that occurs as a result of a group emphasizing unity over critical thinking |
| Sociogram | A diagram that represents relationships within a group, especially likes and dislikes of members for other members |
Created by:
Manu_05
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