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Myers Module 3
Neural and Hormonal Systems
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Biological Psychology | A branch of psyc concerned with the links between biology and behavior. |
| Neuron | a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system |
| Dendrite | the bushy, branching extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body. |
| Axon | the extensions of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands. |
| Action Potential | a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an atom. |
| Threshold | the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse |
| Synapse | The junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron. The tiny gap is called the synaptic gap or cleft. |
| Neurotransmitters | chemical messengers that traverse the synaptic gaps. When released by the sending neuron, neurotrans travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron, thereby influencing whether that neuron will generate a neural impulse |
| Nervous system | the body’s speedy, electrochemical communication network, consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous system. |
| Central Nervous system | the brain and spinal cord |
| Peripheral Nervous system | the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body. |
| Nerves | neural cables containing many axons. |
| Sensory neurons | neurons that carry incoming info from sense receptors to the CNS |
| Motor neurons | neurons that carry outgoing information from the CNS to muscle and glands |
| Interneurons | CNS neurons that internally communicate and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs. |
| Somatic Nervous System | the division of PNS that controls the body’s skeletal muscles |
| Autonomic Nervous system | the part of the PNS that controls the glands and muscles of the internal organs. |
| Sympathetic Nervous System | Division of Autonomic Nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing energy in stressful situations |
| Parasympathetic Nervous System | Division of the Autonomic Nervous System that calms the body, conserving energy |
| Reflex | a simple, automatic response to a sensory stimulus, such as the knee jerk response |
| Endocrine System | the body’s slow chemical communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream |
| Hormones | chemical messengers |
| Adrenal Glands | a pair of endocrine glands just above the kidneys. The adrenals secrete the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine, which help arouse the body in time of stress. |
| Pituitary gland | the endocrine system’s most influential gland. Under the influence of hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands. |
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tpetrali
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