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PS Test 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is static electricity, and how does that relate to electrons? | Electrons on the outside of atoms rub off and static electricity is the net charge on an object. |
| How does the electrical force change with charge? | when you put different charged particles (protons and electrons) together the electrical forces attract, like forces repel and electrical forces in neutrons are neutral. |
| Inverse square law on Columb | As distance increases between 2 charged particles, the force decreases by factors of 4 |
| What electric current is in a wire? | Alternating current |
| Current | Flow of electrical charge, amp |
| Voltage | Pressure that makes the electricity flow, v |
| Resistance | measure of opposition to the current flow, ohms |
| Power | the rate energy is transferred by an electrical circuit, watt |
| Alternating current | electric current flows in different directions in a back and forth current, radio or audio signal |
| Direct current | one way current flow, batteries |
| Permanent magnets | made of metal like iron, motions of electrons within iron produces the magnetic field |
| Electromagnets | coiled wire around the iron rod produces a strong magnetic field the more the wire is wrapped around the iron the stronger the magnetism. |
| How a transformer illustrates both laws of electromagnetism | 1. AC produces a changing magnetic field in the first coil 2. This produces and current in the second coil |
| Electromagnet | Coiled wire around a iron core produces a strong magnetic field, the loops enforce each other |
| Electric motors | contains coils inside the permanent magnets and the electric current flows through the coils and the coils experience a sideways push that turns the coil/converts electrical to mechanical |
| Generator | contains coil of wire in a magnetic field, turning coil changes magnetic field and produces electric current in the wire/mechanical to electrical |
| Transformer | AC generator sends a changing current to the primary coil which produces a changing magnetic field which produces a current in the second coil/ converts between high and low voltage |
| High voltage | transmission of electrical power |
| Low voltage | appliances and electronic gadgets |
| How does an electromagnet illustrate the first law? | As the current created by the coil becomes stronger by wrapping more coils around the iron, the magnetic field becomes stronger |
| How does a generator illustrate the second law? | changing magnetic fields create a current, A coil is rotated inside of a permanent magnet and a current begins to flow through that coil. |
| Wave | Moving disturbance, usually periodic, carries energy but not matter from one point to another, transmits, information |
| Mechanical waves | require a material medium to move, the medium vibrates then only the wave moves any distance (sound waves, ripples on a rope, in a pond" |
| Electromagnetic waves | Can move through a vacuum, no medium required, electric and magnetic fields oscillate (light and other radiant energy |
| Transverse waves | Medium vibrates perpendicular to the direction of wave motion (ripples on a rope) |
| Longitudinal Waves | Medium vibrates in the same direction as wave motion (sound waves) |
| Frequency(f) | number of vibrations per second, Hz |
| Wavelength | distance from crest to crest, m |
| Velocity (v) | speed of wave, m/s |
| Amplitude (A) | height of crest or maximum displacement of a wave, m |
| Period (T) | time for one complete vibration of medium (one cycle),s |
| What determines the energy of a wave? | Amplitude |
| How does the intensity of a wave (brightness of light or volume of sound) relate to the distance of the observer from the source? | Stationary source: Waves spread out with the same wavelength in all directions Moving Source: Waves stretch out behind the source and compress in front of the source (doppler effect) |
| What is a standing wave? What is the fundamental frequency of a standing wave? What are the overtones (or harmonics) of a standing wave? | Waves moves back and forth between 2 points and appear stationary, f any standing wave with higher frequency |
| Reflection | Waves bounce off the surface (echo, light on a mirror) |
| Transmission | Waves go through a medium. May have partial transmission and reflection. (light on glass |
| Refraction | If wave goes through a surface at an angle the wave is bent (looking at objects underwater) |
| Diffraction | Waves bend around a corner or edge. Longer wavelengths bend more. (hearing things you can't see) |
| Interference | When waves meet they pass through each other, their displacements are added together (listening to a concert) |
| Volume | Related to the amplitude of the wave, decibels (dB) |
| Pitch | the frequency of a wave |
| Quality | difference between instruments, instrument produces overtones 2f,3f,4f |
| Why do different musical instruments have a different quality of sound even when they play the same note? | The overtones of the instruments are different |
| Light Wave Model | Light is an electromagnetic wave. No medium required. electric and magnetic fields oscillate. Brightness is determined by the amplitude of the wave. Color is determined by the frequency of a wave |
| Light Particle Model | Light is a stream of particles called photons (packets of energy). Brightness is determined by the number of photons per second. Color is determined by the energy of the individual photon. |
| What happens when another magnet is placed in a magnet’s magnetic field? | the lines of force on a magnet show the direction that the north pole of another magnet would be pushed, opposite attract, like repels |
| What happens when a stationary charge is placed in a magnetic field? | it will not “see” the magnetic field at all |
| What happens when a moving charge is place in a magnetic field? | the charge will experience a sideways push like we talked about in class. |
| Maxwell’s First Law of Electromagnetism | A current flowing in a wire creates a magnetic field around that wire. |
| Maxwell’s Second Law of Electromagnetism | A changing magnetic field will create a current in a wire. |
| How a converging lens works | light rays hit the converging lens and goes through the converging lens to intersect at the focal point |
| Order of electromagnetic radiation (least to greatest) | radio, microwave, infrared, ultra-violet, X-rays, Gamma waves |
Created by:
lwomer
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