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Myers Module 18
Classical Conditioning
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Adaptability | Our capacity to learn new behaviors that enable us to cope with changing circumstances. |
| Associative Learning | Learning that particular events (two stimuli in classical conditioning) occur together |
| Classical Conditioning | A type of learning in which an organism comes to associate stimuli. A neural stimulus that signals an unconditioned stimulus (US) begins to produce a response that anticipates and prepares for the unconditioned stimulus. |
| Learning | A relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience. |
| Behaviorism | The view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without references to mental processes. Most research psychologists today agree with (1) not (2) |
| Unconditional Response | In classical conditioning, the unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus (US), such as salivation when food is in mouth. |
| Unconditional Stimulus | In classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditionally (naturally and automatically) triggers a response. |
| Conditional Response | In classical conditioning, the learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditional) stimulus (CS). |
| Conditional Stimulus | In classical conditioning, an originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditional stimulus, come to trigger a conditional response. |
| Acquisition | The initial learning stage in classical conditioning; the phase associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus comes to elicit a conditioned response. |
| Extinction | The diminishing of a conditioned response; occurs in classical conditioning when an unconditioned stimulus does not follow a conditioned stimulus. |
| Spontaneous Recovery | In classical conditioning, the reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished or weakened conditioned response. |
| Generalization | In classical conditioning, the tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses. |
| Discrimination | In classical conditioning, the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus. |
| Cognitive Processes | Thoughts, perceptions and expectations |
| Expectancy | An awareness of how likely it is that the US will occur. |
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tpetrali
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