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Cardio Ch Terms
Keywords for Chapter 20: Cardio
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Aldosterone | A steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that regulates the salt and water balance in the body |
| Aneurysm | Widen + Condition A balloon-like bulge or dilation of an artery resulting from weakening of the aterial wall |
| Angina | Chest pain caused by an inadequate supply of oxygen to the heart muscle |
| Angiotensin II | A peptide hormone that causes vasoconstriction and a subsequent increase in blood pressure |
| Anticoagulant | Against + Coagulation An agent used to prevent the formation of blood clots |
| Antihyperlipidemics | Against + high + lipids + blood condition a diverse group of pharmaceuticals used in the treatment of hyperlipidemia or excess lipids in the blood |
| Aorta | The great arterial trunk that carried blood from the heart to be distributed to tissues of the body |
| Arterioscherosis | Thick + hard + condition The process of progressive thickening and hardening of the walls of medium-sized and large arteries as a result of fat deposits on their inner lining, a specific arteriosclerosis |
| Atrium | The entry chamber on both sides of the heart |
| Blood Pressure | The pressure of the blood within the arteries |
| Capillary | A tiny vessel that connects ends of the smallest arties (arterioles) to the smallest veins (venules), where exchanged of nutrients, waste products, oxygen, and carbon dioxide occurs |
| Cardiac Muscle | A type of muscle tissue found only in the heart |
| Cardiac Output (CO) | The amount of blood, in liters, the heart pumps through the circulatory system in a minute |
| Coagulation | Solidification or change from a fluid state to a solid state, as in the formation of a blood clot |
| Coronary Artery | Either of two arteries that arise from the aorta (one from left and right) and supply the tissues of the heart itself |
| Diastole | The period when the heart is in a state of relaxation and dilation |
| Dysrhythmias | Abnormal or irregular heart rhythms |
| Embolus | A clump of material, often a blood clot, that travels from one part of the body to another and obstructs a blood vessel; an embolus can consist of any material, including bacteria or air |
| Endocardium | Inside + Heart The thin membrane that lines the interior of the heart The inner layer of the heart all |
| Enzyme | A protein that accelerates a reaction by reducing the amount of energy required to initiate the reaction |
| Epicardium | Above + Heart The outer layer of the heart wall The inner layer of the pericardium |
| Essential Hypertension | The most common form of hypertension It occurs in the absence of any evidence cause |
| Fibrates | An antihyperlipidemic drug class that primarily lowers triglycerides |
| Heart Failure (HF) | A heart that cannot keep up with demand Failure of the heart to pump blood with normal efficiency |
| Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia (HeFH) | A genetic disorder based on a gene that encodes LDLR Very high low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels within the blood characterize this disorder |
| High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) | A blood-plasma lipoprotein composed of a high proportion of protein with little triglyceride and cholesterol and associated with a decreased probability of developing atherosclerosis |
| Hyperlipidemia | High + Lipid + Blood condition Also known as hypercholesterolemia- a condition marked by an increased in bloodstream cholesterol that can lead to atherosclerosis, or artery hardening |
| Hypertension | High + Tension High blood pressure |
| Hypotension | Low + Tension Low blood pressure |
| Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) | A lipid (fat) and protein combined molecule It is associated with an increased probability of developing atherosclerosis |
| Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor (LDLR) | A protein found mainly on liver cells that binds to and removes blood LDL |
| Lumen | A channel within a tube (eg, a blood vessel) |
| Myocardial Infarction (MI) | Muscle + Heart (and) to stuff + into Myocardial tissue death resulting from sudden deprivation of oxygenated blood flor, often a result of a blood clot plugging a coronary artery Also known as a heart attack |
| Myocardium | Muscle + Heart The middle muscular layer of the heart wall; it consists of cardiac muscle tissue |
| Nicotinic Acid | A member of the vitamin B complex; niacin |
| Nitrates | A class of drugs used to treat heart conditions, such as angina |
| Orthostatic Hypotension | Straight + Standing (and) Low + Pressure A temporary, often rapid lowering of blood pressure, usually related to standing up suddenly |
| PCSK9 | An enzyme that binds to and breaks down LDLR (abbreviation for proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) |
| Pericardium | Around + Heart A fluid-filled membrane that surrounds the heart; the pericardial sad |
| Peripheral Resistance | Vascular resistance to the blood of blood in peripheral arterial vessels |
| Pulmonary Artery | Lung + of the, one of two vessels formed as terminal branches of the pulmonary trunk; conveys unaerated blood of the lungs |
| Renin | A protein released by the kidney in response to low sodium levels or blood volume |
| Secondary Hypertension | Hypertension that results from an underlying identifiable cause |
| Statin | An informal term for 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors referring to the last six letters in the name of each medication in the class, for example, atorvastatin, simvastatin. |
| Statin -Use (Continued because there's a character limit) | Used for treatment of hyperlipidemia, primarily to lower LDL cholesterol |
| Stent | A tube inserted into a vessel of passageway to keep it open |
| Stroke | The sudden death of brain cells because oxygen deprivation from a blockage (ischemic stroke) or rupture (hemorrhagic stroke) of an artery to the brain impairs blood flow |
| Syndrome | A set of conditions that occur together |
| Systole | The period when the heart is contracting, specifically when the left ventricle of the heart contracts |
| Tachycardia | Fast + Heart + Condition A rapid heart rate, usually defined as greater than 100 beats per minute |
| Thrombin | A blood coagulation enzyme from prothrombin; thrombin reacts with fibrinogen and converts it to fibrine, which is essential in the formation of blood clots; its levels are tested by performing a prothrombin time or partial thromboplastin time blood test |
| Thrombolytic | Clot + Dissolve A medication used to break up a thrombus or blood clot |
| Thrombosis | Clot + Condition The formation or presence of a blood clot in a blood vessel |
| Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) | A neurological event in which the signs and symptoms of a stroke appear but resolve within a short time |
| Triglyceride (TG) | The dominant form of body-stored fat consisting of three fatty acid molecules and a molecule of the alcohol glycerol |
| Vasoconstriction | Vessel + Narrow Blood vessel narrowing resulting from contraction of the vessel muscular walls |
| Vasodilation | Vessel + Widen Blood vessel widening resulting from muscular wall relaxation |
| Vein | A vessel that carries deoxygenated blood to or toward the heart |
| Vena Cava | One of the two large veins that carry deoxygenated blood from the upper (superior vena cava) and lower (inferior vena cava) parts of the blood to the right atrium of the heart |
| Ventricle | One of the two lower chambers of the heart |
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