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Biopsych Chapter 5

PSYC 218 Kalat Chapter 5 Terms

TermDefinition
law of specific nerve energies the brain codes information in terms of which neurons are active to preserve a perception
pupil opening in the center of the iris
retina rear surface of the eye lined with visual receptors
bipolar cells receive messages from the receptors in back of eye and send them to ganglion cells
ganglion cells located in center of eye; receive messages from bipolar cells and send them to brain
optic nerve exits through the back of the eye and creates a blindspot
fovea a tiny area specialized for acute, detailed vision
midget ganglion cells ganglion cells in fovea that are small and respond to a single cone
rods in periphery of retina; respond to faint light but are not useful in the daylight
cones in/near fovea; less active in dim light, more useful in bright light, and essential for color vision
photopigments present in both rods and cones; chemicals that release energy when struck by light
trichromatic theory we perceive color through the relative rates of response by three kinds of cones, each maximally sensitive to different wavelengths
visual field the part of the world you see
opponent-process theory we perceive color in terms of opposites
color constancy ability to recognize colors despite changes in lighting
retinex theory the cortex compares information from various parts of the retina to determine the brightness and color of an area
horizontal cells make inhibitory contact onto bipolar cells
lateral geniculate nucleus where most ganglion axons go; part of the thalamus
lateral inhibition reduction of activity in one neuron by activity in neighboring neurons
receptive field an area in visual space that excites or inhibits a cell in the visual system
parvocellular neurons small cell bodies and receptive fields; primarily in/near the fovea
magnocellular neurons larger cell bodies and receptive fields; distributed throughout retina
koniocellular neurons small cell bodies; exist throughout retina
primary visual cortex aka V1; where information from the lateral geniculate nucleus goes
blindsight ability to respond in limited ways to visual information without perceiving it consciously
simple cell receptive field with fixed excitatory and inhibitory zones
complex cell located in V1 and V2; do not respond to exact location of a stimulus
end-stopped cells resemble complex cells but they have a strong inhibitory area at one end
feature detectors neurons whose responses indicate the presence of a particular feature
sensitive period length of time when experiences have a particularly strong and enduring influence on vision
retinal disparity the discrepancy between what the left and right eyes see
strabismus "lazy eye" a condition in which the eyes do not point in the same direction
astigmatism blurring of vision for lines in one direction
Created by: audra.kooi
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