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Biopsych Chapter 5
PSYC 218 Kalat Chapter 5 Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| law of specific nerve energies | the brain codes information in terms of which neurons are active to preserve a perception |
| pupil | opening in the center of the iris |
| retina | rear surface of the eye lined with visual receptors |
| bipolar cells | receive messages from the receptors in back of eye and send them to ganglion cells |
| ganglion cells | located in center of eye; receive messages from bipolar cells and send them to brain |
| optic nerve | exits through the back of the eye and creates a blindspot |
| fovea | a tiny area specialized for acute, detailed vision |
| midget ganglion cells | ganglion cells in fovea that are small and respond to a single cone |
| rods | in periphery of retina; respond to faint light but are not useful in the daylight |
| cones | in/near fovea; less active in dim light, more useful in bright light, and essential for color vision |
| photopigments | present in both rods and cones; chemicals that release energy when struck by light |
| trichromatic theory | we perceive color through the relative rates of response by three kinds of cones, each maximally sensitive to different wavelengths |
| visual field | the part of the world you see |
| opponent-process theory | we perceive color in terms of opposites |
| color constancy | ability to recognize colors despite changes in lighting |
| retinex theory | the cortex compares information from various parts of the retina to determine the brightness and color of an area |
| horizontal cells | make inhibitory contact onto bipolar cells |
| lateral geniculate nucleus | where most ganglion axons go; part of the thalamus |
| lateral inhibition | reduction of activity in one neuron by activity in neighboring neurons |
| receptive field | an area in visual space that excites or inhibits a cell in the visual system |
| parvocellular neurons | small cell bodies and receptive fields; primarily in/near the fovea |
| magnocellular neurons | larger cell bodies and receptive fields; distributed throughout retina |
| koniocellular neurons | small cell bodies; exist throughout retina |
| primary visual cortex | aka V1; where information from the lateral geniculate nucleus goes |
| blindsight | ability to respond in limited ways to visual information without perceiving it consciously |
| simple cell | receptive field with fixed excitatory and inhibitory zones |
| complex cell | located in V1 and V2; do not respond to exact location of a stimulus |
| end-stopped cells | resemble complex cells but they have a strong inhibitory area at one end |
| feature detectors | neurons whose responses indicate the presence of a particular feature |
| sensitive period | length of time when experiences have a particularly strong and enduring influence on vision |
| retinal disparity | the discrepancy between what the left and right eyes see |
| strabismus | "lazy eye" a condition in which the eyes do not point in the same direction |
| astigmatism | blurring of vision for lines in one direction |
Created by:
audra.kooi
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