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Vocab (SP1 and SP2)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Sensation | The process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our enviornment. |
| Synaesthesia | When one sort of sensation (such as hearing a sound) produces another (such as seeing color) |
| Transduction | Conversion of one form of energy into another. In sensation, the transforming of stimulus energies into neural impulses. |
| Absolute Threshold | The minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50 percent of the time |
| Difference threshold | Minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50% of the time; aka just noticeable difference (JND) |
| Weber’s Law | The principle that, to be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage. |
| Signal Detection Theory | Predicts how and when we detect the presence of a faint stimuli (“signal”) amid background stimulation (“noise”). |
| Sensory adaptation | Diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation. |
| Perception | The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information; enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events. |
| Bottom-up processing | Analysis that begins with the sense receptors and works up to the brains integration of sensory information. |
| Top-down processing | Guided by higher-level mental process, as when we construct perceptions drawing out our experience and expectation. |
| Selective attention | The capacity for/process of reacting to certain stimuli selectively when several occur simultaneously. |
| Divided attention | Type of simultaneous attention that allows us to process different information sources and carry out multiple tasks at a time. |
| Inattention blindness | Lack of attention not associated with any vision defects or deficits; individual fails to perceive an unexpected stimulus that is in plain sight. |
| Change blindness | When paying attention to a specific aspect of a visual scene, we may fail to notice other fairly obvious changes or stimuli. |
| Perceptual constancy | Perceiving objects as unchanging (shape, size, lightness, and color) even as illumination and retinal images change. |
| Schema | System of organizing and perceiving new information. |
| Perceptual set | Mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another (ex: due to suggestion or expectations based on prior learning) |
| Context effects | The influence of environmental factors in one’s perception of stimulus. |
| Perceptual adaptation | Ability to adjust to an altered perceptual reality; in vision, adjusting to an artificially displaced or inverted visual field. |
Created by:
Kira_A
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