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Biopsychology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Action Potential | when a neuron sends information down an axon, away from the cell body |
| Neuron | information messengers that use electric impulses and chemical signals to transmit information between different parts of the brain |
| Cell Body | also known as the soma, acts as the neurons life support |
| Nucleus | the membrane-enclosed organelle within a cell that contains the chromosomes |
| Dendrites | also known as the listeners, they receive messages ("gossip") from other cells |
| Axon | also known as the talkers, they transmit electrical impulses from the cell body out to other neurons/glands/muscles |
| Axon Terminals | the very end of a branch of a nerve's axon, neuro-transmitters go to other neurons through this |
| Myelin Sheath | an insulating layer, or sheath that forms around the axon |
| Nodes of Ranvier | a gap in the myelin sheath of an axon |
| Synaptic Gap | the gap between neurons |
| Neurotransmitters | the body's chemical messengers |
| Nervous System | the network of nerve cells and fibers which transmits nerve impulses between parts of the body |
| Central Nervous System | includes brain and spinal cord, spinal cord controls your reflexes |
| Peripheral Nervous System | includes everything except your brain and spinal cord |
| Somatic Nervous System | controls your skeletal muscles using sensory input and triggering motor output |
| Sympathetic Nervous System | makes you alert, energetic, triggers fight or flight responses |
| Parasympathetic Nervous System | makes you calm, decreases your heart beat, lower blood-sugar |
| Autonomic Nervous System | helps keep you alive by regulating you muscles and glands inside your body |
| Lateralization of Function | the view that functions are performed by distinct regions of the brain |
| Cortex | the outer surface of the brain, is associated with higher level processes such as consciousness, thought, emotion, reasoning, language, and memory |
| Midbrain | midbrain is involved in auditory and visual processing, also responsible for eye movement |
| Hindbrain | the hindbrain coordinates functions that are fundamental to survival, including respiratory rhythm, motor activity, sleep, and wakefulness |
| Frontal Lobe | frontal lobe contains the primary motor cortex, also thought to be the center of executive functions and an important area for memory, learning, and cognition, among other functions. |
| Temporal Lobe | associated with processing auditory information and with the encoding of memory |
| Occipital Lobe | visuospatial processing, distance and depth perception, color determination, object and face recognition, and memory formation (visual processes) |
| Parietal Lobe | processes sensory information it receives from the outside world, mainly relating to touch, taste, and temperature |
| Endocrine System | series of glands that produce chemical substances known as hormones |
Created by:
katiedolson
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