Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
RA 102 - Chapter 5
Upper Extremity: Hand & Wrist
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Bone Development: | develops in the 2nd month of pregnancy |
| Primary ossification begins before: | birth and forms the short and irregular bones; also, central shaft of long bones (Diaphysis) |
| Secondary ossification begins: | after birth; separate bone develops at both ends of long bones (Epiphysis) |
| Complete ossification occurs between: | the ages of 15- 21 yrs; earlier for females than males |
| Bones are classified by shape: | long, short, flat or irregular |
| Diaphysis: | the long shaft of bones |
| Epiphysis: | the ends of long bones |
| Long bones: | provides support; long , narrow; long shaft with 2 ends (Joints); femur, humerus, and phalanges of the fingers and toes |
| Short bones: | short, wide; contains red marrow; no shaft; carpals (wrist bones), tarsals (ankle and heel bones) |
| Flat bones: | flat surface provides protection and broad surface allows muscle attachment; cranium, sternum, scapula |
| Irregular bones: | peculiar shape and variety forms; serves many functions; vertebrae and pelvic bones |
| Sesamoid bones: | small and oval; alter direction of muscle pull and decrease friction; patella (kneecap) |
| Outer layer of bones: | compact bone; protects and gives strength; network of interconnecting spaces called trabeculae (Bone Tissue) |
| Inner layer of bones: | spongy bone |
| The medullary cavity is the central cavity of _____ where red bone marrow and/or yellow bone marrow is stored: | long bone shaft |
| Periosteum: | a membranous tissue (Sheath) that overs all bony surfaces except joints |
| Should be able to see _____ in the x-ray: | the trabeculae |
| Epiphyseal plate vs Fracture: | hard to determine in an x-ray |
| Functional Joints: | Synarthroses, Amphiarthroses, Diarthroses |
| Synarthroses: | not movable; sutures of skulls, pubic symphysis |
| Amphiarthroses: | slightly movable; tib/fib; symphysis and the pubic symphysis |
| Diarthroses: | freely movable; knees, shoulders |
| Structural Joints: | Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial |
| Fibrous: | synarthrotic joint formed when held together |
| Cartilaginous: | antiarthritic; held together by cartilage. |
| Synovial: | encased in a joint capsule; freely movable; knee |
| Synovial joint movement: | gliding; hinge; pivot; ellipsoid; saddle; ball & socket |
| Gliding: | inter-carpal spaces in the wrist; sliding movement |
| Hinge: | elbow; it allows flexion and extension |
| Pivot: | allows rotational movement; spine allows head to turn |
| Ellipsoid: | (Condyloid) – movement in 2 directions; carpal and radius; wrist |
| Saddle: | phalanges of thumb and carpal bone |
| Ball and Socket: | allows the most movement in all direction; hip joint |
| How many bones in the hand and wrist together? | 27 bones |
| How many phalanges does the hand have? | 14 phalanges |
| How many metacarpals does the palm have? | 5 metacarpals |
| How many carpals does the wrist have? | 8 carpals |
| The _____ is on the lateral side of hand | the thumb |
| Two rows of four carpals are the: | proximal and distal |
| Proximal row of carpals: | lateral to medial: scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform |
| Distal row of carpals: | lateral to medial: trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate |
| Name the largest carpal bone: | the capitate carpal; found in the center |
| Joints of hand & wrist are considered as: | synovial and diarthrotic joints |
| Joints of Hand & Wrists: | - numbered same as the digit - named for the 2 bones making up the joint space - most proximal bone named first |
| Joint space of head of metacarpal and end of phalanges are called: | metacarpophalangeal |
| Interphalangeal (IP) joints: | - articulations (Joint) between phalanges - identified by location and digit number - classified as synovial, diarthrotic, or freely moveable joint; hinge type |
| Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints: | -a rticulations between the heads of the metacarpals and the proximal phalanges - identified by number: first, second, third classified as synovial, diarthrotic, ellipsoidal type |
Created by:
nycems
Popular Radiology sets