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Psych Unit 3 Part 2

Parts of the Brain

TermDefinition
Cerebral Cortex The intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells covering the cerebral hemispheres; the body's ultimate control and information processing center.
Glial Cells Cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons; they may also play a role in learning and thinking.
Frontal Lobes Lies behind the forehead, involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgements.
Parietal lobes At the top back of the head, receives sensory input for touch and body position.
Occipital Lobes At the back of the head; includes areas that receive information about the visual fields.
Temporal Lobes Above the ears; includes the auditory areas, each receiving info primarily from the opposite ear.
Motor Cortex An area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movement.
Somatosensory Cortex Area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations.
Association Areas Areas of the cerebral cortex that are involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking.
Plasticity The brain's ability to change, especially during childhood, by reorganizing after damage or by building new pathways based on experience.
neurogenesis The formation of new neurons.
Corpus callosum The large band of neural fibers connecting the two hemispheres and carrying messages between them.
Split Brain A condition resulting from surgery that isolates the brain's two hemispheres by cutting the fibers (mainly the corpus callosum) connecting them,
Consciousness Our awareness of ourselves and our environment.
Cognitive neuroscience The interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition. (Including perception, thinking, memory, and languages)
Dual Processing The principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious sand unconscious tracks.
Behavior Geneticists The study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior.
Environment Every external influence, from prenatal nutrition to the people and things around us.
Chromosomes Threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes.
DNA A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes.
Genome The complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the genetic material in that organism's chromosomes.
Identical Twins Twins who develop from a single fertilized egg that splits in two, creating two genetically identical organisms.
Fraternal Twins Twins who develop from separate fertilized eggs. They are genetically no closer that brothers and sisters but they share a fetal environment.
Molecular Genetics The subfield of biology that studies the molecular structure and function of genes.
Heritability The proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes. The heritability of a trait may vary, depending on the range of populations and environments studied.
Interaction The interplay that occurs when the effect of one factor (such as environment) depends on another factor (such as heredity).
Epigenetics The study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without DNA change.
Evolutionary Psychology The study of the evolution of behavior and the mind, using principles of natural selection.
Natural Selection The principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations.
Mutations A random error in gene replication that leads to a change.
Created by: emag
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