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Pharm Unit 1 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Pharmaceutic | drug becomes a solution so that it can cross the biologic membrane (breakdown) |
| Pharmacokinetics | how medications travel through the body and composed of absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion |
| Pharmacodynamics | biologic or physiologic result occurs (intended) |
| Pharmaceutic | Disintegration and dissolution |
| Drug absorption | Drug movement from GI tract into bloodstream |
| Disintegration | Breakdown of oral drug form into small particles |
| Dissolution | Process of combining small drug particles with liquid to form a solution |
| Absorption Process | occurs in GI tract, muscle, skin, mucous membranes, or subcutaneous tissue to the bloodstream |
| Water-soluble Absorption | dissolve in water (water-soluble drugs), such as antihypertensive atenolol, tend to stay within blood & fluid that surrounds cells. |
| lipid-soluble Absorption | dissolve in fat (lipid-soluble drugs), such as anti-seizure drug dilantin, tend to concentrate in fatty tissues. |
| Distribution | transportation of medications to sites of action by bodily fluids |
| Plasma protein binding | - The ability of medication to bind to protein (within bloodstream) can affect how much of medication will leave & travel to target tissues. - protein binding sites in bloodstream mainly Albumin |
| Permeability of cell membrane: | - Medication must be able to pass through tissues & membranes to reach its site of action. - Meds that are lipid-soluble or have a transport system can cross the blood-brain barrier & placenta. |
| Metabolism | - occurs primarily in liver (also in kidney, lungs, intestines, & blood) - when biotransformation occurs; changing meds into less active or inactive forms by the action of enzymes |
| Half life | refers to time for medication in body to drop 50% |
| Short half life | medications leave the body quickly (4-8hrs) |
| Long half-life | Medications leave body slower: over 24 hrs with greater risk for med accumulation & toxicity |
| Excretion | Elimination of medications from the body through the kidneys (also liver, lungs, intestines, and endocrine glands) |
| 3 phases of drug action | - Pharmaceutics (solid form, liquid form) - Pharmacokinetics (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion) - Pharmacodynamics ( drug action, receptors, enzymes, hormones) |
| Agonists | medications that bind or allows physical response when attaching to receptors |
| Antagonists | Block the usual receptor activity and prevent physical response from occurring |
| 3 processes of drug absorption through the GI? | Passive absorption , Active absorption, Pinocytosis |
| Parental route | Injection (any route that pierces into skin) |
| enteric-coated drugs / timed-released meds | - cannot be decomposed by gastric secretions and plastic coating prevents meds from being diluted before it reaches intestines - formulated to dissolve slowly releasing small amounts for absorption over several hours |
| Excretion with healthy kidneys | drugs bound to proteins are not filtered |
| Creatinine Definition | metabolic by-product of muscle that is excreted by the kidneys |
| BUN Definition | (Blood urea nitrogen) metabolic breakdown product of protein that is created in the liver and the kidneys filter out the waste through urination. |
| Nonspecific drug effect | When multiple locations of the same receptor type is affected by a drug (one receptor / multiple sites) |
| Nonselective drug effect | When different types of receptor sites (in multiple sites) are affected by a drug |
| Low Therapeutic Index | - narrow margin of safety requires close monitoring |
| High Therapeutic Index | Wide margin of safety and less risk of drug toxicity |
| onset of action | serum drug level is minimal |
| peak level | drug is at highest concentration (rate of absorption is equal to rate of elimination) |
| trough level | drug is at lowest concentration, right before next dose is due |
| loading dose | large initial dose or faster route when immediate drug response is needed |
| adverse reaction | - more severe than side effects - severe and undesirable - must be reported |
| Tachyphylaxis | rapidly diminishing response to successive dose of drug |
Created by:
gourhanm
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