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Unit 1
Module 1: The Story of Psychology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Some ideas are inborn | Socrates, Plato |
| The mind is a blank slate | Aristotle, Locke |
| Genes, biological predisposition, critical period, evolutionary, facial expression, neuroscientific, LAD, schizophrenia, depth perception, prewired | PINS-D: Plato, Innate, Nature, Socrates, Descartes |
| Experience, learned, behaviorism, nurture, Tabula rasa, reinforcement, skinner box, bobo doll, social learning theory, classical & operant conditioning, observational learning, perception, learned helplessness | ABLE: Aristotle, Blank Slate, Locke, Environment |
| Empiricsm | The view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation. |
| Stucturalism | Early school of thought promoted by Wundt and Titchener; used introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind. |
| Experimental Psychology | the study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method. |
| The Unconscious Mind | Sigmund Freud and his followers emphasized the importance of the unconscious mind and its effects on human behavior. |
| Behaviorism | Watson (1913) and later Skinner emphasized the study of overt behavior as the subject matter of scientific psychology, not introspection |
| Humanistic Psychology | Maslow and Rogers emphasized current environmental influences on our growth potential and our needs for love and acceptance. |
| Nature vs. Nurture | biological vs. social factors |
| Behavior of mental processes are influenced by | Biological influences, psychological influences, social-cultural influences |
| Biological influences | genetic predispositions genetic mutations natural selection of adaptive physiology and behaviors genes responding to environment |
| Psychological influences | learned fears and other learnt expectations emotional responses cognitive processing and perceptual interpretations |
| Social-cultural influences | presence of others cultural, societal, and family expectations peer and other group influences compelling models (such as media) |
| Biological/Neuroscientific | How the body and brain enable emotions. Memories and sensory experiences. How do neurotransmitters and hormones work together to create behaviors? i.e. – Anger, depression, ADHD |
| Natural selection (part of evolutionary) | the principle that those inherited trait variations contributing to survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations |
| Behavior Genetics | How much do our genes and our environments influence our individual differences? Twin studies/adoption studies |
| Psychodynamic | Focuses on the role of hidden, often unconscious, internal processes. Freudian thought – do unconscious motivations, biological urges, and instinctive desires conflict with society and cause anxiety and influence personality? Id, ego, super-ego |
| Behavioral | Focus on overt behavior, that is observable. How do we learn these responses? Fear things? Behavioral psychologist observe facial expressions, body gestures, etc. i.e. behavior modification, token economy |
| Cognitive | Focus on cognitive processes such as memory, thought and reasoning. How we encode, process, store and retrieve information How do we use information in remembering? Reasoning? Solving Problems? |
| Social and Cultural | Focus of Social and Cultural factors that can influence behavior. How do behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures? |
| Humanistic | Understanding how angry feelings affect a person’s potential for growth How we meet our needs for love & acceptance & achieve self-fulfillment |
| Andrea Yates | Killed her five children, believed she was saving them from the devil |
| Clinical Psychology | A clinical psychologist (Ph.D.) studies, assesses, and treats troubled people with psychotherapy. |
| Biological Psychologist | Explores the links between brain and mind |
| Developmental Psychologist | Studies changing abilities from womb to tomb |
| Cognitive Psychologist | Studies how we percieve, think, and solve problems |
| Personality Psychologist | Investigates our persistent traits |
| Social Psychologist | Explore how we view and affect one another |
| Industrial/Organizational Psychologist | Studies and advise on behavior in the workplace. |
| Couseling Psychologist | Helps people cope with academic, vocational, and marital challenges. |
| Clinical Psychologist | Study, assess, and treat people with psychological disorders |
| Introspection | the examination or observation of one's own mental and emotional processes. |
| Functionalism | William James - a school of thought promoted by James and influenced by Darwin; explored how mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable the organism to adapt, survive and flourish. |
| Evolutionary | Focus on the role of evolved psychological mechanisms on human behavior |
Created by:
hibba_rash
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