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Diuretics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Edema | Fluid overload, swelling in 1 or 2 areas of body, retention of excess fluid - Signs/symptoms include increased BP, SOB, poor wound healing, weight gain - Associated Diseases include heart failure, cerebral edema, endocrine issues, kidney/liver disease |
| Anasarca | Swelling over entire body |
| Diuretics | Act on kidneys to increase production of urine. AKA eliminating water from body. Contraindicated in anuric patients |
| Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors | Commonly used for glaucoma |
| Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors prototype | Acetazolamide (Dimox) |
| Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors ADRs | Weakness, fatigue, GI Upset (take with food, bland) |
| CAI extra info | Can't take if allergic to sulfa |
| Osmotic Diuretics | Reduce intraocular pressure and reduce cerebral edema |
| Osmotic Diuretic extra info | MANNITOL***Neuro-check every 15 min, check pupils, grips, and LOC*** |
| OD Prototype | Mannitol- prevents the selective reabsorption of H20 |
| OD ADRs | F/E imbalances Headache Vision problems |
| Potassium - Sparing | Used for HTN, HF, Cirrhosis (liver) increase sodium and H20 in urine, not potassium |
| PS Prototype | Spironolactone |
| PS ADRs | HA (headache), Hyperkalemia, GI |
| PS to see electrolytes... | Test BMP/CMP (basic metabolic panel) to see lab values when taking diuretics - Want hypokalemia |
| PS contraindicated in... | Pts with hyperkalemia |
| PS extra info | relates to heart normal range - 3.5 to 5 |
| Thiazide and related diuretics | HTN, HF |
| TH Prototype | Hydrochlorothiazide -potassium sparing |
| TH ADRs | Hypotension, dizziness, weakness, GI, acute gout effects (swelling, redness in big toe), orthostatic hypotension (changing position/ drop in 20 systolic) |
| How would you keep patient safe? TH | Falls risk- -Room environment safe - Bed low - Side rails up - brakes on Patient fall at 4/5am trying to use restroom |
| Loop Diuretics | HF, Cirrhosis, HTN |
| LD Prototype | Furosemide (Lasix) - last 6 hours |
| LD ADRs | ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCES - BMP/BUN-creatine - checks kidney works GI, photosensitivity |
| Extra info about LDs | Push slowly, prevent atotoxicity(ears) Most common IV in hospitals, not K sparing Measure input/output 3 sites in kidney, very effective drug |
| What should you not drink with diuretics? | GRAPEFRUIT JUICE |
| Client Education | Weigh themselves at same time everyday Concering - 2/3 pounds in 24 hrs or 5 pounds in a week Don't take past 3/4pm |
Created by:
Mplaster
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